tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-69857363377407721572024-03-12T16:43:20.583-07:00Dewi AyuHumans Of BiologyAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-38295943583931053432015-06-26T23:43:00.001-07:002015-06-26T23:48:02.340-07:00Laporan Praktikum X Mor Tum<!--[if !mso]>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">PRAKTIKUM X</b></div>
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Topik<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>BUAH DAN BIJI<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Tujuan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Mengenali berbagai macam bentuk buah</div>
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Hari/ tanggal<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Sabtu / 23 Mei 2015</div>
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Tempat<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Laboratorium Biologi PMIPA FKIP
UNLAM Banjarmasin</div>
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<h4 style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>ALAT
DAN BAHAN</h4>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Alat :</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Baki</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Alat tulis</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pisau/cutter</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bahan :</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Jambu Mete (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anacardium occidentale</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Nangka (<i>Arthocarpus heterophylla </i>Lamk.)</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Pepaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.)</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Kacang Tanah (<i>Arachis hypongea</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Mangga (<i>Mangivera indica </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Karet (<i>Hevea brasiliensis </i>Muell.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Melinjo (<i>Gnetum gnemon</i> L. var Domesticum Mgf.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Mentimun (<i>Cucumis sativus </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Jeruk (C<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">itrus </i>sp.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah Nenas
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ananas comosis</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Srikaya (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anona squamosa</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="tab-stops: list .25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>CARA
KERJA</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Mengamati dan menentukan :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah sejati, diantaranya </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.75pt; text-indent: -21.75pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah sejati tunggal: buah sejati tunggal kering (satu
biji, banyak biji), buah seti tunggal berdaging.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.75pt; text-indent: -21.75pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah sejati ganda: buah kurung ganda, buah batu ganda,
buah bumbung ganda, buah buni ganda.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.75pt; text-indent: -21.75pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah sejati majemuk: buni majemuk, batu majemuk, kurung
majemuk.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
semu : semu tunggal, semu ganda, semu majemuk.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Menggambar hasil pengamatan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="tab-stops: list 22.5pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>TEORI
DASAR</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Jika<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>penyerbukan pada buah sudah terjadi
dan diikuti oleh pembuahan, maka bakal buah akan tumbuh menjadi buah dan bakal
biji yang terdapat didalamnya akan tumbuh menjadi biji. Secara umum buah dapat
dibedakan menjadi dua macam yaitu buah sejati atau buah sesungguhnya dan buah
palsu atau buah semu.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Buah
sejati adalah buah yang semata-mata berbentuk dari bakal buah, atau paling
banyak padanya terdapat sisa-sisa bagian bunga yang lazimnya telah gugur.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Buah
sejati dapat dibedakan dalam 3 golongan, yaitu ; Buah sejati tunggal (buah
sejati tunggal kering dan buah sejati tunggal berdaging), Buah sejati ganda
(buah kurung ganda, buah batu ganda, buah bumbung ganda, dan buah buni ganda), Buah
sejati majemuk (buah buni majemuk dan buah kurung majemuk)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Buah
semua adalah buah yang terbentuk dari bakal buah beserta bagian-bagian lain
pada bunga itu, yang malahan menjadi bagian utama dari buah karena memiliki
ukuran lebih besar, lebih menarik perhatiandan sering kali merupakan bagian
buah yang bermanfat yaitu dapat di makan. Sedangkan buah yang sesungguhnya
kadang tersembunyi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Buah
semu dapat dibedakan menjadi 3, yaitu ; Buah semu tunggal, Buah semu ganda, dan
Buah semu majemuk</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bagi
tumbuhan biji (Spermatophyta), biji merupakan alat perkembangbiakan yang utama,
kerana biji mengandung calon tumbuhan baru (lembaga). dengan dihasilkan biji
tumbuhan dapat mempertahankan jenisnya dan dapat pula terpencar ke tempat lain.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Semula
biji duduk pada suatu tangkai yang keluar darui papan biji atau tembuni (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">placenta</i>). Tangkai pendukung biji itu di
sebut tali pusar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">funiculus</i>). Bagian
biji tempat melekat tali pusar dinamakan pusar biji (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hilus</i>). Jika biji sudah masak biasanya tali pusarnya putus,
sehingga biji terlepas dari tembuninya. Bekas tali pusarnya umunya tampak jelas
pada biji. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Pada
biji adakalanya tali pusarnya ikut tumbuh, berubah sifatnya menjadi salut biji
atau selaput biji (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">arillus</i>). Bagian
ini ada yang merupakan selubung biji yang sempurna, karena ada kalanya hanya
menyelubungi sebagian biji saja. salut biji ada yang:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list -117.0pt -94.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Berdaging atau berair, dan sering kali dapat di makan,
misalnya pada Durian, Biji rambutan, dan lain-lain.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list -117.0pt -94.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Menyerupai kulit dan hanya menutupi sebagian biji,
misalnya pada biji Pala, salut biji pada Pala dinamakan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">meis, </i>yang seperti biasanya digunakan sebagai bumbu masakan dan
berbagai keperluan lainnya. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Pada
biji umumnya dapat dibedakan bagian-bagian berikut ; Kulit biji (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spermodermis</i>), Tali pusar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">funiculus</i>), dan Inti biji dan isi biji (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nucleus seminis</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Pada
dasarnya biji mempunyai susunan yang tidak berada dengan bakal biji, tetapi
digunakan nama-nama yang berlainan untuk bagian-bagian yang sama asalnya, misalnya:
integumentum pada bakal biji, kalau sudah menjadi biji merupakan kulit biji (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spermodermis</i>).</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span><br />
<br />
<h4 style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
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</h4>
<h4 style="tab-stops: list 22.5pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>ANALISIS DATA</h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Jambu Mete (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anacardium
occidentale</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://hutbunbondowoso.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/jambu-mete.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="319" src="https://hutbunbondowoso.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/jambu-mete.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rosidae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Sapindales</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Anacardiaceae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Anacardium</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anacardium
occidentale</i></span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Buah jambu mete
ini merupakan buah semu tunggal, yaitu buah semu yang terdiri dari satu bunga
dengan satu bakal buah. Tangkai buahnya ikut membentuk menjadi buah.Buahnya
adalah bagian yang seperti kacang.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Menurut <cite>tnalaspurwo.org
(2014) </cite>mengatakan bahwa buah dari jambu mete tebal, biji lonjong,
panjang 2-3 cm dengan sebuah benih coklat kemerahan dua kotiledon besar. </span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Nangka (<i>Arthocarpus heterophylla </i>Lamk.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://cdn.klimg.com/vemale.com/headline/650x325/2013/04/nutrisi-sehat-yang-terkandung-dalam-buah-nangka.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://cdn.klimg.com/vemale.com/headline/650x325/2013/04/nutrisi-sehat-yang-terkandung-dalam-buah-nangka.jpg" height="160" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Hamameliidae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Urticales</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Moraceae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Arthocarpus</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Arthocarpus heterophylla </i>Lamk.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Buah nangka
termasuk buah semu majemuk karena buah semunya yang terjadi dari bunga majemuk,
tetapi seluruhnya dari luar tampak seperti satu buah saja.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:223) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh buah semu majemuk
adalah buah nangka.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Pepaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://gambartumbuhan.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Gambar-Buah-Pepaya.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://gambartumbuhan.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Gambar-Buah-Pepaya.jpg" height="172" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Dillenidae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Violales</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Caricaceae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Crica</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Carica papaya</i> L.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Buah pepaya
merupakan buah sejati tunggal yang berdaging dan disebut dengan buah buni
karena buah yang dindingnya mempunyai dua lapisan.Lapisan pertama tipis agak
menjangat atau kaku seperti kulit dan lapisan dalam yang tebal, lunak, dan
berair.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:235) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh buah sejati tunggal
berdaging dan merupakan buah buni adalah buah papaya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Kacang Tanah (<i>Arachis hypongea</i>)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://soktau.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Ini-Dia-Beberapa-Manfaat-Mengkonsumsi-Kacang-Tanah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://soktau.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Ini-Dia-Beberapa-Manfaat-Mengkonsumsi-Kacang-Tanah.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rosidae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Fabales</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Papilionaceae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Arachis</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Arachis hypongea</i></span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:(Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Buah dari kacang
tanah merupakan buah sejati tunggal kering, yaitu buah sejati tunggal yang
bagian luarnya keras dan mengayu seperti kulit kering.Buah ini adalah buah
sejati tunggal kering yang mengandung lebih dari satu biji, dan jika masak
dapat pecah hingga biji lepas.Karenanya buah ini merupakan buah kotak, yaitu
suatu buah kering sejati tunggal yang mengandung lebih dari satu biji, terdiri
atas satu atau beberapa daun buah, tetapi kulit buah yang pecah out sampai lama
melekat pada tangkai buah.Dan merupakan buah polong buahnya masak di dalam
tanah dan tidak pecah.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:225) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh buah sejati tunggal
yang kering adalah buah kacang tanah.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Mangga (<i>Mangivera indica </i>L.)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://adriansyahnantu.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/buah-mangga.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://adriansyahnantu.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/buah-mangga.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Dileniidae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Malvales</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Malvaceae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Mangifera</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Mangivera indica </i>L.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Buah mangga
merupakan buah sejati tunggal yang berdaging yang mempunyai satu ruang dengan
satu biji.Buah sejati tunggal karena buah ini terjadi dari satu bunga dengan
satu bakal buah saja.Bijinya berserat-serat.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:223) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh buah sejati tunggal
adalah buah mangga.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Karet (<i>Hevea brasiliensis </i>Muell.)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7qTsKjHMIKg/UAJe_NHWjkI/AAAAAAAABIA/jlh5AooYVRI/s1600/buah+karet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7qTsKjHMIKg/UAJe_NHWjkI/AAAAAAAABIA/jlh5AooYVRI/s1600/buah+karet.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://ibnujafar86.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/676521karetmw6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="250" src="https://ibnujafar86.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/676521karetmw6.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rosidae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Euphorbiales</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Euphorbiaceae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Hevea</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Hevea brasiliensis </i>Muell.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Buah karet
merupakan buah sejati tunggal yang kering yang jika masak akan pecah. Merupakan
buah berkendaga tiga, kalau masak pecah menjadi tiga bagian, masing-masing
pecah dan mengeluarkan biji.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:229) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh buah sejati tunggal
kering berkendaga tiga adalah buah para.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Melinjo (<i>Gnetum gnemon</i> L. var Domesticum
Mgf.)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://obatpenurunberatbadan001.bloginformasiteraktual.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/529/2014/05/Melinjo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://obatpenurunberatbadan001.bloginformasiteraktual.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/529/2014/05/Melinjo.jpg" height="145" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Gnetophyta</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Gnetales</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Gnetaceae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Gnetum</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Gnetum gnemon</i> L. var Domesticum Mgf.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Buah melinjo merupakan
buah semu dengan biji yang disebut sebagai buah.Bijinya sendiri adalah biji
telanjang.Buah semu karena terbentuk dari bakal buah beserta bagian-bagian lain
pada bunga itu.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; width: 581px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 25.65pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: none; height: 25.65pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 435.85pt;" valign="top" width="581"><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<cite>Tnalaspurwo.org/media/pdf/kea_<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">gnetum</span>_<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">gnemon</span>_(melinjo).pdf (2012) mengatakan b</cite><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">uah melinjo seperti buah keras
(nutlike), berbentuk jorong , panjang buah 1-3.5 cm, bagian ujungnya runcing
pendek, ketika masak warna buah berangsur-angsur akan berubah dari kuning,
merah <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hingga keunguan. Satu biji dalam
satu buah, buah besar dan kulit tengahnya keras berkayu (horny). </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 25.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border: none; height: 25.65pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 435.85pt;" valign="top" width="581"><div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Mentimun (<i>Cucumis sativus </i>L.)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://spirit.web.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Mentimun.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://spirit.web.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Mentimun.jpg" height="184" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Dileniidae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Violales</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Cucurbitaceae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Cucumis</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Cucumis sativus </i>L.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Buah mentimun
merupakan buah sejati tunggal berdaging dan disebut dengan buah mentimun karena
buah ini ditinjau dari sudut susunannya tidak jauh berbeda dengan buah
buni.Biasanya kulit buah yang di bagian luar lebih kaku, ruangan buah selain
berisi biji-biji dalam jumlah besar masing mempunyai bagian kosong.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:235) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh buah sejati tunggal
berdaging yang disebut dengan buah mentimun adalah dari suku Cucurbitaceae,
misalnya mentimun itu sendiri.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Jeruk (C<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">itrus
</i>sp.)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-M9W6Se-vA04/U8cY_ewYh9I/AAAAAAAACpo/LA8XkNrNAvU/s1600/Buah-Jeruk-Medical-Line.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-M9W6Se-vA04/U8cY_ewYh9I/AAAAAAAACpo/LA8XkNrNAvU/s1600/Buah-Jeruk-Medical-Line.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rosidae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Sapindales</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rutaceae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Citrus</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Citrus</i> sp</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Buah jeruk
merupakan buah sejati tunggal yang berdaging karena saat masak tidak pecah dan
dinding buahnya yang tebal berdaging.Buah ini merupakan buah jeruk karena kulit
buahnya yang mempunyai tiga lapisan.Lapisan pertama merupakan lapisan luar yang
kaku, lapisan berikutnya bersifat seperti sepon yang terdiri atas jaringan
bunga karang yang berwarna putih, dan lapisan dalam yang bersekat-sekat yang
membentuk beberapa ruang.Dalam ruang ini terdapat gelembung-gelembung yang
berair, dan bijinya terdapat bebas diantara gelembung-gelembung tersebut.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:237) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh buah sejati tunggal
berdaging yang sifatnya buah jeruk adalah anggota marga jeruk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Nenas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ananas comosis</i>)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.bundasri.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/pineapples.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://www.bundasri.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/pineapples.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Liliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Zingiberidae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Bromeliales</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Bromeliaceae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Ananas</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ananas comosis</i></span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Buah nanas
termasuk buah sejati majemuk karena berasal dari suatu bunga majemuk, jadi
merupakan kumpulan banyak buah, yang masing-masing berasal dari satu bunga.Buah
nanas tampak dari luar hanya satu buah saja.Menurut sifatnya buah nanas
termasuk buah buni majemuk karena jika buah masing-masing bunga dalam bunga
majemmuk suatu buah buni.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:241) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh buah sejati majemuk
yang sifatnya buni majemuk adalah buah nanas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
Srikaya (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anona squamosa</i>)</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DNm38S-9dlc/UY3RJEpdmXI/AAAAAAAAAQo/KeGtBfMANhM/s1600/Manfaat-Buah-Srikaya.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="168" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DNm38S-9dlc/UY3RJEpdmXI/AAAAAAAAAQo/KeGtBfMANhM/s1600/Manfaat-Buah-Srikaya.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnolidae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnolialaes</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:Anaonaceae</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Anona </span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anona squamosa</i></span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Buah srikaya
merupakan buah sejati ganda karena buah yang terdiri dari satu bunga dengan
banyak bakal buah yang masing-masing bebas, kemudian tumbuh menjadi buah
sejati, tetapi kesemuanya tetap berkumpul pada satu tangkai bunga.Menurut
sifatnya buah srikaya termasuk buah buni ganda karena bakal buah yang berubah
menjadi buah buni ganda.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:240) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh buah sejati ganda
yang sifatnya buni ganda adalah buah srikaya.</span></div>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 22.5pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">V.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>KESIMPULAN</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 19.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.7pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Buah
dapat digolongkan menjadi dua golongan yaitu ; Buah sungguh atau buah telanjang
yaitu buah yang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hanya terjadi dari bakal
buah, dan Buah semu atau buah tertutup yaitu buah yang berasal dari bakal buah
dan bagian-bagian bunga.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 19.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 19.7pt left 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.7pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Yang termasuk dalam buah sungguh atau buah telanjang
yaitu:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -1.0in 0in list 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Jambu Mete (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anacardium
occidentale</i>) merupakan buah semu tunggal yaitu buah yang terbentuk dari
satu bunga dengan satu bakal buah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -1.0in 0in list 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypongea) merupakan buah
sejati tunggal yang kering (siccus) yaitu buah sejati tunggal yang bagian
luarnya keras dan mengayu seperti kulit yang kering.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -1.0in 0in list 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Jeruk (Citrus sp.) termasuk buah sejati tunggal
berdaging dan berair, dengan dinding buahnya yang tebal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -1.0in 0in list 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Nenas (Ananas comosus) termasuk buah buni majemuk
yaitu jika bakal buah masing-masing bunga dalam bunga majemuknya membentuk
suatu buni.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -1.0in 0in list 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Mangga (Mangifera indica) termasuk dalam golongan
buah sejati tunggal yang berdaging.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -1.0in 0in list 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya) merupakan buah sejati
tunggal yaitu buah sejati yang terjadi dari satu bunga dengan satu bakal buah
saja.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -1.0in 0in list 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Karet (Hevea brassiliensis Muell.) termasuk
golongan buah berkendaga tiga (tricoccus).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -1.0in 0in list 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) termasuk dalam
golongan buah sejati tunggal yang berdaging.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: -1.0in 0in list 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Buah Srikaya termasuk buah sejati majemuk</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 19.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 19.7pt left 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.7pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Yang
termasuk dalam buah semu atau buah tertutup yaitu ; Buah Nangka (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arthocarpus heterophylla</i> Lamk.) termasuk
tipe buah semu majemuk yaitu buah semu yang terjadi dari bunga majemuk.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 19.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 19.7pt left 45.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.7pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Yang
termasuk buah biji yaitu ; Buah Melinjo (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gnetum
gnemon</i> L.) merupakan buah biji yaitu tumbuhan biji telanjang.</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> VI.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.2pt;">
Amintarti,Sri. dkk 2015. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penuntun Praktikum Morfologi Tumbuhan. </i>Banjarmasin:
PMIPA FKIP UNLAM.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.2pt;">
Tjitrosoepomo, Gembong. 1985. Morfologi
Tumbuhan. Yogyakarta:Gajah Mada University Press.
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 48.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<h4 style="margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
</h4>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-67281597633465847102015-06-26T23:12:00.000-07:002015-06-26T23:12:28.357-07:00Laporan Praktikum IX Mor Tum<!--[if !mso]>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">PRAKTIKUM IX</b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.5pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -76.5pt;">
Topik<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>Strobilus
Gymnospermae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0in;">
Tujuan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Mengenal berbagai bentuk strobilus jantan dan betina pada beberapa Gymnospermae
dan bagian-bagiannya</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 85.05pt; text-align: justify;">
Hari/
tanggal <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sabtu/
09 Mei 2015</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Tempat<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Laboratorium Biologi PMIPA FKIP UNLAM Banjarmasin</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<h4 style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>ALAT DAN BAHAN</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Alat :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list -2.75in -81.0pt .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Baki</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list -2.75in -81.0pt .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Lup (kaca pembesar)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list -2.75in -81.0pt .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pisau/cutter</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list -2.75in -81.0pt .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Alat tulis</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Bahan :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list -184.3pt .25in; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Daun
strobilus jantan dan betina Pinus (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pinus
merkusii</i> Jung. & De Vriese.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list -184.3pt .25in; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Daun
strobilus jantan dan betina Pakis haji (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cycas
rumphii</i> L.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list -184.3pt .25in; text-indent: -12.0pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Daun
strobilus jantan dan betina Melinjo (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gnetum
gnemon </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>CARA KERJA</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list -113.4pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengamati bagian-bagian dari strobilus: sisik, bakal
biji, tangkai sporofil, tangkai strobilus, biji dan sayap.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list -113.4pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengamati bagian-bagian daun, duduk daun, dan deskripsi
daun.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list -113.4pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Menggambar hasil pengamatan dan memberi keterangan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>TEORI DASAR</h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
Berdasarkan letak
bakal bijinya, division Spermatophyta di bagi dalam 2 sub division yaitu
Gymnospermae dan angiospermae. Gymnospermae adalah tumbuhan yang bakal bijinya
tidak berada dalam daun buah, tetapi menempel pada dain buah dan terlihat dari
luar sehingga dinamakan tumbuhan biji terbuka. Sedangkan Angiospermae adalah
tumbuhan yang bakal bijinya berada dalam daun buah yang tidak terlihat dari
luar sehingga dinamakan tumbuhan biji tertutup.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
Ciri-ciri morfologi
tumbuhan biji terbuka antara lain:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Berakar tunggang</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Daun sempit, tebal dan kaku.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bunga yang sesungguhnya belum terdapat, berupa daun
buah dan badan penghasil serbuk sari yang disebut strobilus. Ada 2 macam
strobilus yaitu strobilus jantan dan betina yang tersusun dari badan penghasil
serbuk sari dan stroblus betina yang tersusun dari daun buah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Terjadi pembuahan tunggal (hanya menghasilkan zigot
saja) selang waktu antara penyerbukan dengan pembuahan cukup lama.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
Ciri-ciri anatomi:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar dan batang berkambiung, sehingga dapat tumbuh
membesar (pertumbuhan sekunder).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pada ujung-ujung akar terdapat sel-sel pemula yang
menghasilkan sel-sel kaliptra kea rah luar dan sel-sel akar kea rah dalam,
tetapi tidak jelas batang kaliptra dengan ujung akar.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Batang tidak mempunyai fleoterna (sarung tepung), yaitu
endodermis yang menghasilkan zat tepung.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bulung kayu pada berkas batang pengangkut akar dan
batang terbentuk dari trakeid saja sehingga bersifat homogen.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
Pada pertumbuhan
gymnospermae, dan kadang-kadang berupa helaian, serupa kulit, cukup besar
ataupun berbentuk jarum atau sisik kecil. Bunga berkelamin satu berumah satu
atau dua, telanjang. Bunga jantan mirip untai (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">amentum</i>), benang sari banyak, tangkai sari dengan ujung perisai
ini. Bunga betina yang diberi nama “kerucut” dengan banyak sisik kerucut
berjejal rapat dan tersusun spiral, ini dengan perisai di ujung dengan satu
bakal biji pada sisi atas dekat pangkal, kadang-kadang mendukung sisik yang
kedua (sisik buah), dan ini diri atas dengan bakal biji. Kerucut buah pada
waktu masak jatuh bercerai berai. Biji bersayap atau tidak.</div>
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<br /></div>
<h4 style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>HASIL PENGAMATAN</h4>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strobilus jantan dan betina Pinus</b> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pinus merkusii</i> Jung. & De Vriese.)</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Yl7tT8Ccs2U/T_rutkmHiFI/AAAAAAAAPeU/MrVlhOig3l0/s1600/STROBILLUS+JANTAN.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Yl7tT8Ccs2U/T_rutkmHiFI/AAAAAAAAPeU/MrVlhOig3l0/s1600/STROBILLUS+JANTAN.jpg" height="239" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strobilus jantan dan betina Pakis haji</b>
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cycas rumphii</i> Miq)</div>
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<div class="Section1">
<h4>
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> V.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>ANALISIS DATA</h4>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strobilus jantan
dan betina Pinus</b> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pinus merkusii</i>
Jung. & De Vriese)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<u>Klasifikasi</u><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Pinophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Subdivisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Pinophytina</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Cycadopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Cycadales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Pinaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Pinus</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
Pinus merkusii</i> Jugh. & De Vriese</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 66.0pt; text-align: justify;">
(Sumber : Cronquist. 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
Strobilus ♂
aksilar atau terminal pada sirung pendek, dengan banyak mikrosporofil
bertangkai dan dua kantong sari. Serbuk sari dengan dua gelembung udara, yang
pada perkecambahan merupakan dua sel protalium. Strobilus ♀ terminal atau
aksilar, dengan banyak sisik-sisik penutup yang tersusun dalam spiral. Pada
ketiak sisik penutup terdapat satu sisik biji dengan dua bakal biji yang
mikropilnya menghadap ke sumbu. Sehabis penyerbukan sisik-sisik penutup dan
sisik-sisik biji membesar dan mengayu selanjutnya terjadilah buah yang
berbentuk kerucut. Biji kecil, oval, ringan, mempunyai sayap ke samping,
lembaga dengan 2-15 daun lembaga.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
Menurut <cite>images.robby2004.multiply.multiplycontent.com,</cite>
Pinus umumnya berumah satu, strobilus jantan dan strobilus betina terdapat
dalam satu pohon. Strobilus jantan terdapat di ujung cabang, membawa banyak
mikrosporofil yang tersusun secara spiral. Strobilus betina terletak agak jauh
dari ujung cabang; terdiri dari sisik-sisik ovula yang tersusun secara spiral.
Biji pada pinus biasanya bersayap.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strobilus jantan
dan betina Pakis haji</b> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cycas rumphii</i>
L.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<u>Klasifikasi</u><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Pinophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Subdivisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Cycadophytina</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Cycadopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Cycadales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Cycadaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Cycas</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Cysas rumphii</i> L.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; tab-stops: 28.35pt; text-align: justify;">
(Sumber: Cronquist. 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
Semua <i>Cycas</i>
adalah <i>dioesis </i>(berumah dua, yaitu mikrospora dan megaspora dihasilkan
pada tumbuhan ♂ dan tumbuhan ♀ yang terpisah). Kedua spora/strobilus tersebut
tumbuh pada ujung batang utama, sama bentuk luarnya, hanya saja mikrospora
umumnya berbentuk lebih panjang dan lebih kurus daripada megaspora pada jenis
yang sama.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
Strobilus ♂ ada
yang mencapai panjang 30 cm atau lebih (tanpa tangkai), terdiri atas sebuah
poros tengah yang memiliki banyak sisik bertumpuk-tumpuk dan teratur secara
spiral yang disebut mikrosporofil. Mikrosporofil ini berbentuk baji dengan
seluruh permukaan bagian bawah masing-masing tertutup oleh berbagai mikrosporangium
(lebih dari 1000 per <i>Cycas</i>). Setiap mikrosporangium terdiri atas sebuah
dinding setebal beberapa lapis sel, dan sebuah massa tengah yang terdiri atas
berbagai sel induk mikrospora yang membelah diri secara meiosis dan
membentuk tetrad mikrospora yang haploid. Tetrad ini kemudian memisah menjadi
individu-individu mikrospora. Mikrospora mulai berkembang menjadi gametofit ♂
yaitu ketika masih berada di dalam mikrosporangium, kemudian inti membelah diri
sehingga mikrospora berubah bentuk menjadi bersel tiga. Dan dari tahap ini
selanjutnya disebut serbuk sari, jika serbuk sari matang poros ujung akan
memanjang sedikit dan tiap mikrosporangium terbuka melalui sebuah celah panjang
pada dindingnya. Sehingga serbuk sari itu mudah mencapai udara bebas dan
dipencarkan oleh angin, karenanya dapat membuahi bakal biji.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
Berat strobilus ♀
ada yang mencapai 35 kg. Seperti halnya pada strobilus ♂, sisik strobilus
tersusun spiral di sekeliling poros tengah, tetapi pada strobilus ♀ ini kurang
bervariasi dan berbeda bentuknya dibandingkan strobilus ♂. Setiap sisik
strobilus berisi dua bakal biji yang masing-masing duduk pada satu sisi tangkai
sisik. Pada <i>Cycas</i> megasporangium muncul pada alat yang mirip daun,
disebut megasporofil, yang jauh lebih kecil daripada daun sejati, tetapi
seperti halnya daun, mempunyai struktur pipih, panjang 15-20 cm, berbentuk
spiral tertutup pada batang utama. Tiap megasporofil terdiri atas bagian distal
yang terbagi menyirip dan bagian proksimal yang mirip tangkai dengan 3-10
megasporangium. Selama hidup tumbuhan ♀ <i>Cycas</i>, meristem ujungnya
berselang-seling menghasilkan daun sejati dan megasporofil. Jika megasporofil
telah memenuhi fungsi perkembangbiakannya, bagian ini akan jatuh.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
Menurut <cite>images.robby2004.multiply.multiplycontent.com,
</cite>Pakis haji merupakan tumbuhan berumah dua, bunga-bunga tersusun dalam
strobilus, setiap bunga berkelamin satu. Strobilus jantan jarang ditemukan.
Strobilus betina terletak di ujung batang, membawa banyak makrosporofil yang
bisa lepas satu sama lain atau kompak, pada strobilus betina ini terdapat biji.</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
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<div class="Section2">
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strobilus jantan dan betina Melinjo (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gnetum gnemon</i> L.Var. Domesticum Mgf. )</b></div>
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<u>Klasifikasi</u><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.5pt;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Pinophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.5pt;">
Subdvisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Gnetophytina</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.5pt;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Gnetinae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.5pt;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Gnetinales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.5pt;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Gnetaceae</div>
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Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Gnetum</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.5pt;">
Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Gnetum gnemon</i> L.Var. Domesticum Mgf.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; tab-stops: 66.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.5pt;">
(Sumber <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Cronquist. 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
Strobius melinjo
berbuku yang setiap bukunya terdapat kupula yang terbentuk dari sisik-sisik
braktea yang sebelumnya menyatu. Pada strobilus ♀ hanya terdapat satu lingkaran
bunga betina dan pada setiap bunga betina tersebut punya perigonium yang
berdaging dengan satu ovul yang mempunyai dua integumen.Strobilus ♂ melinjo
pada setiap buku terdapat satu lingkaran bunga betina yang steril dan
dibawahnya terdapat lingkaran-lingkaran bunga jantan. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
Menurut <cite>images.robby2004.multiply.multiplycontent.com,
</cite>Pada melinjo strobilusnya berbuku-buku, pada setiap buku terdapat kupula
yang dibentuk dari sisik-sisik braktea yang bersatu. Untuk strobilus jantan
pada setiap buku terdapat 1 lingkaran bunga-bunga yang steril di sebelah atas
dan di bawahnya terdapat beberapa lingkaran bunga-bunga jantan. Sedangkan pada
strobilus betina hanya terdapat 1 lingkaran bunga-bunga betina. Setiap bunga
betina mempunyai perigonium yang berdaging dengan 1 ovum yang mempunyai 2
integumen yaitu integumen luar dan integumen dalam.</div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
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</span>
<div class="Section3">
<h4>
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> VI.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>KESIMPULAN</h4>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pinus (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pinus
merkusii</i> Jugh. & De Vriese) mempunyai strobilus betina dan strobilus
jantan dalam satu pohon. Strobilus jantan terletak di ujung cabang membawa
banyak mikrosporofil yang tersusun spiral dan bersifat steril sedangkan
strobilus betina terdiri atas sisk runjung yang di dalamnya terdapat 2 buah
biji yang bersayap.</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pakis Haji (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cycas
rumphii</i> L.) memiliki strobilus betina yang membawa banyak makrosporofil
dengan biji yang tidak diselimuti karpellum yang berbentuk seperti pedang yang
terletak di ujung batang. Strobilus jantan terletak di ujung batang dan jarang
ditemukan karena terletak pada pohon yang berbeda (berumah 2), terdiri dari
banyak mikrosporofil yang tersusun spiral yang steril dan fertile. </div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Melinjo (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gnetum
gnemon</i> L.Var. Domesticum Mgf.) memiliki Strobilus jantan maupun strobilus
betina yang terletak dalam 1 tangkai sehingga sulit untuk dibedakan. Strobilus
jantan banyak mengandung benang sari dengan banyak linkaran bunga jantan.
Sedangkan strobilus betina hanya terdapat 1 lingkaran bunga-bunga betina.</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<h4>
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> VII.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>DAFTAR PUSTAKA</h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
Amintarti,Sri. Dkk. 2015. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penuntun Praktikum Morfologi Tumbuhan. </i>Banjarmasin:
PMIPA FKIP UNLAM.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
Anonim. 2015. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">http://www.ut.ac.id/html/suplemen/biol4311/H-pinus.htm</i> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses pada 16 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
Anonim. 2015. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">http://www.ut.ac.id/html/suplemen/biol4311/H-cycas.htm<u> </u></i>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses pada 16 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
Anonim. 2015. <cite>images.robby2004.multiply.multiplycontent.com
</cite>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses pada 16 Mei
2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
Anonim.a.<a href="http://en.wikivisual.com/images/b/b1/Pine_cones,_immature_male.jpg"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://en.wikivisual.com/images/b/b1/Pine_cones,_immature_male.jpg</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.(online)</i> Diakses tanggal 16 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
Anonim b. <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://4.bp.blogspot.com</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">. (online).</i> Diakses tanggal 16 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
Anonim c. <a href="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://farm4.static.flickr.com</span></i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.(online).</i> Diakses tanggal 16 Mei 2015.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
Tjitrosoepomo, Gembong. 1985. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi Tumbuhan.</i> Yogyakarta:Gajah
Mada University Press.</div>
<br /><br />
<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-26424257601514035062015-06-26T22:56:00.000-07:002015-06-26T22:56:40.535-07:00Laporan Praktikum VIII Mor Tum<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">PRAKTIKUM VIII</b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.5pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-indent: -76.5pt;">
Topik<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> AKAR DAN MODIFIKASINYA</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Tujuan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Mengenal tipe-tipe akar dan bentuk-bentuknya serta </div>
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modifikasinya
dari akar pada beberapa tumbuhan.</div>
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Hari / tanggal<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Sabtu/ 02 Mei 2015</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Tempat<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Laboratorium Biologi PMIPA FKIP
UNLAM Banjarmasin</div>
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</div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> I .<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ALAT DAN
BAHAN</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.75pt; text-indent: -21.75pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Alat<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Baki
/ nampan</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Lup
(kaca pembesar)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Pisau/cutter</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Alat
tulis</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.75pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo3; tab-stops: list 21.75pt; text-indent: -21.75pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bahan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar Rumput Teki (<i>Cyperus rotundus</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar Lombok (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Capsicum
</i>sp.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar Terong (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Solanum</i>
sp.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar Wortel (<i>Daucus carota</i> L.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar Bengkuang (<i>Pachyrrhizus erosus </i>Urb.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Umbi singkong (<i>Manihot utilissima</i> Burm. F.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar Laos (<i>Alpinia galanga</i>.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar Anggrek Kalajengking (<i>Arachis flos-aeris</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar Padi (<i>Oryza sativa </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Benalu
(<i>Loranthus</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Tanaman
Sirih (<i>Piper betle</i> L.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 52.9pt;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>CARA KERJA</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 48.0pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list -113.4pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengamati dan menentukan bagian-bagian akar: leher
akar, ujung akar, batang akar, cabang akar, serabut akar, rambut-rambut akar,
tudung akar.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 48.0pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list -113.4pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengamati tipe-tipe perakaran: serabut, tunggang</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 48.0pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list -113.4pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengamati bentuk-bentuk akar: tombak, gasing, benang.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 48.0pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list -113.4pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengamati bentuk-bentuk dari modifikasi akar: akar
udara, akar penghisap, akar pelekat, akar pembelit, akar napas, akar tunjang,
akar lutut, akar banir.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 48.0pt; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list -163.05pt .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Menggambar hasil pengamatan dan memberi keterangan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 24.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.75in;">
<b><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b>TEORI DASAR</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Akar
adalah bagian pokok yang ketiga disamping batang dan daun bagi tumbuhan yang
tubuhnya sudah merupakan kormus, Akar pada umumnya mempunyai sifat-sifat yaitu
:</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list -1.5in left 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Merupakan bagian tumbuhan yang biasanya terdapat dalam
tanah dengan arah tumbuh ke pusat bumi (geotrop) atau menuju ke air (hidrotop),
meninggalkan udara dan cahaya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 22.5pt left 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Warnanya keputih-putihan atau kekuning-kuningan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 22.5pt left 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tumbuh terus pada ujungnya tetapi umumnya
pertumbuhannya masih kalah jika dibandingkan dengan batang.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 22.5pt left 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>berbentuk meruncing, sehingga lebih mudah untuk
menembus tanah. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Bagi Tumbuhan akar mempunyai fungsi
untuk :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Memperkuat berdirinya tumbuhan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Menyerap air dan zat-zat makanan yang terlarut dalam
air dari dalam tanah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengangkut air dan zat-zat makanan ketempat-tempat pada
tubuh tumbuhan yang memerlukan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tempat penimbunan makanan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Bagian-bagian akar pada umumnya
dapat dibedakan menjadi 7, yaitu :</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Leher
akar atau pangkal akar (collum)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Ujung akar (apex radicis)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Batang akar (corpus radicis)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Cabang-cabang akar (radix lateralis)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Serabut akar (fibrilla radicalis)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Rambut-rambut akar (pilus radicalis)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
7. Tudung akar (calyptra)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
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Pada
tumbuhan lazimnya dibedakan dua macam system perakaran yaitu system akar
tunggang (radix primaria) dan system akar serabut (radix adventica).
Berdasarkan percabangan dan bentuknya, akar tunggang dibedakan atas :</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2CxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 99.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Akar
tunggang yang tidak bercabang atau sedikit bercabang.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2CxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Akar tunggang yang tidak bercabang
ini biasanya berhubungan dengan fungsinya sebagai tempat penimbunan zat makanan
cadangan sehingga memeliki bentuk yang istimewa seperti :</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2CxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 0in list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>berbentuk sebagai tombak (fusiformis)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>berbentuk gasing (napiformis)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>berbentuk benang (filiformis)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 63.0pt 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar tunggang yang bercabang</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Akar tunggang ini berbentuk kerucut panjang, tumbuh lurus
ke bawah, bercabang-cabang banyak, dan cabang-cabangnya bercabang lagi.
Sehingga dapat memberi kekuatan yang lebih besar kepada batang, dan juga daerah
perakaran menjadi amat luas, sehingga dapat diserap air dan zat-zat makanan
yang lebih banyak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sistem perakaran serabut pada
tanaman dapat di bedakan atas 3 hal yaitu :</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar yang menyusun akar serabut kecil-kecil berbentuk
benang.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar-akar serabut kaku keras dn cukup besar seperti
tambang.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar serabut besar-besar hampir seperti lengan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dilihat dari cara hidup suatu
tanaman, maka pada berbagai jenis tumbuhan sering kita temukan akar-akar yang
mempunyai sifat dan fungsi khusus misalnya :</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar udara atau akar gantung (radix aereus)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar penggerek atau akar penghisap (houstorium)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar pelekat (radix adligans)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar pembelit (orrhus radicalis)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar nafas (pneumatophora)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar tunjang</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar lutut</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in left 99.0pt 117.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar banir.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<h4 style="margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VI.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>HASIL PENGAMATAN</h4>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
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UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
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<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
table.MsoTableGrid
{mso-style-name:"Table Grid";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-priority:59;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid black 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:text1;
mso-border-alt:solid black .5pt;
mso-border-themecolor:text1;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid black;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:text1;
mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid black;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:text1;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:IN;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: -40.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 641px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 27.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">No</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nama tumbuhan</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Tipe akar</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bentuk akar</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Modifikasi akar</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
1</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Rumput teki</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Serabut</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Benang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Lombok</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tunggang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tunggang yang
bercabang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Terong</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tunggang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Benang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Wortel</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tunggang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tombak</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Umbi akar</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
5</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Bangkuwang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tunggang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Gasing</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Umbi akar</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
6</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Singkong</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Serabut</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Benang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Laos</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Serabut</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Benang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Rimpang</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Anggrek kalajengking</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Serabut</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Benang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Akar udara</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 26.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
9</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Padi</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Serabut</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Benang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 26.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
-</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
10</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Benalu</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tunggang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Tunggang yang
bercabang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Akar penghisap</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
11</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 124.9pt;" width="167">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Sirih</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.9pt;" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Serabut</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 150.2pt;" width="200">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Benang</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.7pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" width="138">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Akar pelekat</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: -1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
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<div class="Section1">
<h4>
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">V.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>ANALISIS DATA</h4>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Akar Rumput Teki ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cyperus
rotundus </i>L.)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Liliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Commelinidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Cyperales</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Cyperaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Cyperus</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cyperus rotundus</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: C. C. G. J. Van Steenis. 2003</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tumbuhan
rumput teki memiliki akar rimpang dan terletak di dalam tanah, akarnya berupa
akar serabut dan bentuk akarnya seperti benang (<i>filiformis</i>). Dimana
akar-akarnya berasal dari calon akar yang asli sehingga dapat dikatakan akar
liar dengan bentuk serabut yang kecil-kecil berbentuk benang. Rimpang yang ada
pada Rumput Teki merupakan bentuk modifikasi dari batang, bukan modifikasi
akar. Akar ini mempunyai percabangan yang bertujuan untuk memperluas bidang
penyerapan dan untuk memperkuat berdirinya batang tanaman. </span>Dari hasil
pengamatan dapat diketahui bahwa rumput teki (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cyperus rotundus </i>L.) mempunyai tipe perakaran serabut, yaitu jika
akar lembaga dalam perkembangan mati atau kemudian di susul oleh sejumlah akar
yang kurang lebih sama besar yang keluar dari pangkal batang bentuknya seperti
benang. Akar teki mengandung alkaloid, glikosida flavonoid dan minyak menguap
sebanyak 3-1% yang isinya bervariasi, tergantung daerah asal tumbuhnya. Tanaman
rumput teki memiliki bagian-bagian akar seperti batang akar, cabang akar, dan
serabut akar. Sistem perakarannya adalah akar serabut. Rumput teki mempunyai
cabang batang yang disebut geragih, yaitu cabang-cabang kecil panjang yang
tumbuh merayap di permukaan tanah, dari buku-bukunya ke atas keluar tunas baru
dan ke bawah tumbuh akar-akar.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Akar Lombok (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Capsicum
sp.</i>)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Asteridae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Solanales</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Solanaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Capsicum </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Capsicum sp.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
C. C. G. J. Van Steenis. 2003</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tumbuhan
lombok mempunyai akar yang tunggang dan bentuk akarnya seperti kerucut panjang
bercabang. Tumbuh lurus kebawah, bercabang-cabang banyak, dan cabang-cabangnya
bercabang lagi yang disebut dengan serabut akar. </span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Perakaran dapat memberi kekuatan yang lebih besar
kepada batang, dan juga daerah perakaran menjadi amat luas. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.05pt; tab-stops: 28.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
Dari hasil pengamatan diketahui
bahwa lombok (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Capsicum sp.</i>) mempunyai
sistem perakaran tunggang. <span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bentuk
akarnya adalah akar tunggang yang bercabang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ramosus</i>) berbentuk benang. </span>Batang akarnya berbentuk kerucut
panjang, tumbuh terus ke bawah, bercabang dan cabangnya bercabang-cabang lagi.
Akar cabai juga merupakan akar tunggang, akar cabai dapat dilihat dengan jelas
mana pangkal dan ujung akarnya, dan pada akar cabai dapat terlihat jelas juga
batang akar, cabang akar dan serabut akar. Sistem akar pada cabai adalah sistem
akar tunggang. merupakan tipe akar tunggang berbentuk benang. Bagian-bagian
akar yaitu leher akar, batang akar, cabang akar, serabut akar, dan
rambut-rambut akar dan tudung akar. Akar tanaman ini tidak mengalami modifikasi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 28.05pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 28.05pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Akar Terong (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Solanum sp</i>.)</span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Asteridae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Solanales</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Solanaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Solanum </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Solanum sp.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
C. C. G. J. Van Steenis. 2003</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Menurut
pengamatan, tumbuhan terong akarnya adalah akar tunggang dan mempunyai akar
utama yang merupakan perkembangan dari radicula yang kemudian tumbuh berbentuk
kerucut panjang. Juga tumbuh lurus ke bawah , bercabang-cabang banyak dan
cabang-cabangnya bercabang lagi, sehingga memberi kekuatan besar terhadap
berdirinya batang. Selain itu, juga memperluas bidang penyerapan air dan
zat-zat makanan. Batang terong berduri, dan permukaan batangnya berbulu kasar
dan berwarna hijau.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.75pt;">
Dari hasil pengamatan diketahui bahwa tanaman terong
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Solanum sp</i>.) mempunyai sistem
perakaran tunggang yang bercabang hal ini dapat dilihat dengan jelas dimana
bagain-bagian batang akar, cabang akar, serabut akar dan rambut-rambut akar.
Terong dikatakan akar tunggang karena pada terong akar primernya tumbuh terus
menjadi akar pokok , pada akar ini kemudian tumbuh caang-cabang dan serabut
akar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Akar pada tanaman ini tidak
mengalami modifikasi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<br />
<h4 style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Akar Wortel (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Daucus carota </i>L.)</span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Apiales</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Apiaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Daucus </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Daucus carota </i>L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
C. C. G. J. Van Steenis. 2003</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Wortel mempunyai tipe perakaran yang tunggang (<i>radix
primaria</i>) dengan bentuk akar yang seperti tombak (<i>fusiformis</i>) dan
modifikasi dari akar. Biasanya cabang-cabang itu sendiri terdiri atas akar-akar
yang halus berbentuk serabut. Arti dari bentuk tombak itu ialah mempunyai
pangkal yang besar meruncing keujung dengan serabut-serabut akar sebagai tempat
penimbunan makanan. Akar tunggang yang dimiliki oleh wortel ini ada yang tidak
bercabang atau sedikit bercabang. <span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Selain
disebut akar tombak juga disebut dengan akar pena.</span><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dari hasil
pengamatan diketahui bahwa wortel (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Daucus
carota </i>L.) mempunyai sistem perakaran tunggang yang tidak bercabang. Bentuk
modifikasi akarnya seperti tombak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fusiformis</i>).
Pangkalnya besar meruncing ke arah ujung dengan serabut-serabut akar tumbuh
tersebar di bagian batang akar. Akar pada wortel merupakan akar tunggang yang
sedikit memiliki cabang dan mempunyai bentuk yang istemewa yaitu bentuk tombak.
Dan biasanya pada bagian ini menjadi tempat penimbunan atau penyimpanan
cadangan makanan.</span></div>
<br /><h4 style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Akar Bengkoang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pachyrrhizus erosus </i>Urb.)</span><span lang="SV" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Caryophyllidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Caryophyllales</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Chenopohiceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Pachyrrhizus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pachyrrhizus erosus </i>Urb.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
C. C. G. J. Van Steenis. 2003</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Tumbuhan bengkuwang memiliki akar yang tunggang tidak
bercabang dan sedikit bercabang dengan bentuk akar seperti gasing (<i>napiformis</i>)
dengan pangkal besar yang membulat dan modifikasi dari akar. Biasanya
cabang-cabang itu sendiri terdiri atas akar-akar yang halus berbentuk
serabut.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Arti dari akar gasing itu ialah
pangkal yang agak besar membulat, akar-akar serabut sebagai cabang hanya pada
ujung yang sempit meruncing. <span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dan
akar bengkuwang ini berfungsi untuk tempat penimbunan zat makanan cadangan .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Dari hasil pengamatan dapat diketahui bahwa tanaman
bengkuwang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pachyrrhizus erosus </i>Urb)
mempunyai sistem<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>perakaran tunggang yang
tidak atau sedikit bercabang. Modifikasi akarnya berbentuk seperti gasing (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">napiformis</i>). Pangkal akarnya besar
membulat. Bengkuwang memiliki perakaran tunggang yang memiliki sedikit cabang
akar sama seperti halnya wotel tetapi berbeda dengan wortel bentuk akar
bengkoang lebih menyerupai gasing, bukan tombak. Pada bengkoang dapat dilihat
dengan jelas mana pangkal akar dan ujung akarnya dan juga dapat ditemukan
serabut akarnya. Akar atau umbi bengkuwang tidak mengandung racun seperti
halnya pada batang dan daunnya.</div>
<br /><h4 style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Akar Singkong (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Manihot utillisima </i>Burm. F.)</span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Magnoliidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Rosales</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Rosaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Manihot </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Manihot utillisima </i>Burm. F.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
C. C. G. J. Van Steenis. 2003</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
T<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">anaman
singkong memiliki tipe perakaran yang serabut / umbi akar (<i>radix adventicia</i>)
dan merupakan modifikasi dari akar. Tumbuhan ini merupakan akar yang tidak
sejati dan metamorfosis dari akar. Akar ini keluar dari bagian-bagian akar yang
ada. Umbi merupakan suatu badan yang membengkak, bangun bulat, seperti kerucut
atau tidak beraturan, merupakan tempat penimbunan makanan pula seperti rimpang.
Umbi akar adalah umbi yang merupakan penjelmaan akar, dan karena akar tidak
pernah mempunyai daun, umbi yang berasal dari akar pada dasarnya selalu akan
merupakan umbi yang telanjang. Umbi akar tak mungkin dijadikan alat
perkembangbiakan seperti umbi batang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
Dari hasil pengamatan dapat diketahui bahwa singkong
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Manihot utillisima </i>Burm. F.)
mempunyai tipe perakaran tunggang. Bentuk akar ini separti tombak. Modifikasi
akar pada singkong berupa ubi akar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tuber
rhizogenum</i>). Ubi ini berbentuk bulat atau tidak beraturan dan merupakan
tempat penimbunan cadangan makanan. Pada akarnya ini biasanya terdapat bagian
yang mengalami pembesaran bagian inilah yang merupakan tempat menyimpan
cadangan makanan. Cadangan makanan yang disimpan sebagian besar berupa zat
tepung oleh karena itu akar atau umbi singkong banyak di konsumsi bahkan di
beberapa daerah dijadikan makanan pokok pengganti nasi. </div>
<h4 style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Akar tanaman Laos (<i>Alpinia galanga</i>)<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Klasifikasi:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Liliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Sub-classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Zingeberidae</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Zingiberales</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Zingiberaceae</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Alpinia </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Alpinia
galanga</i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist,
1981)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Laos merupakan
bentuk modifikasi rimpang. Rimpang adalah batang dan daun yang terdapat di
dalam tanah, bercabang-cabang dan tumbuh mendatar, dan dari ujungnya dapat
tumbuh tunas yang muncul diatas tanah dan bisa menjadi tumbuhan baru. Akarnya
tipe akar serabut dan bentuk akarnya adalah serabut benang.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Menurut <cite>images.robby2004.multiply.multiplycontent.com
mengatakan dalam sebuah tulisannya bahwa akar dari laos adalah tipe akar
serabut.</cite></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Akar Anggrek
Kalajengking (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arachis flos-aeris</i>)</span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Liliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Liliidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Orchidales</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Orchidaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Arachis </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arachis flos-aeris</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Cronquist, 1981</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Menurut pengamatan, tanaman anggrek kalajengking
memiliki akar udara atau akar gantung dan mempunyai bentuk akar yang kaku
keras. Akar ini keluar dari bagian-bagian diatas tanah, menggantung di udara
dan tumbuh ke arah tanah. Bergantung pada tingginya tempat permukaan keluarnya,
akar gantung dapat amat panjang (sampai 30 m). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Selama masih menggantung akar ini hanya dapat menolong menyerap air dan zat
gas dari udara, dan seringkali mempunyai jaringan khusus untuk menimbun
air/udara yang disebut dengan <i>velamen</i>.</span>Dari hasil pengamatan dapat
diketahui bahwa tanaman anggrek kalajengking (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arachis flos-aeris</i>) mempunyai sistem serabut. Bentuknya seperti
benang yang besar. Modifikasi akar ini berupa akar udara atau akar gantung (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">radix aereus</i>). Anggrek kalajengking mempunyai
akar yang cukup unik yaitu memiliki perakaran gantung dan biasanya pada saat
muda setelah agak tua akarnya akan menyentuh tanah dan berubah fungsi menjadi
akar tunjang yang seakan-akan menunjang batang agar tidak roboh. Akar ini
keluar, menggantung di udara dan tumbuh ke arah tanah, gunanya untuk menyerap
air dan zat gas dari udara. Sering kali mempunyai jaringan khusus untuk
menimbun air atau udara yang di sebut <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">velamen.
</i>Tetapi setelah mencapai tanah bagian yang masuk tanah lalu berkelakuan
seperti akar biasa yang menyerap air dan makanan dari tanah. Bagian-bagian yang
terdapat pada akar ini sesuai dengan pengamatan adalah leher akar, batang akar,
cabang akar, dan ujung akar.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Akar Padi (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Oryza sativa </i>L.)</span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Liliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Commulinidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Cyperales</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Poaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Oryza</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Oryza sativa </i>L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Cronquist, 1981</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
Tanaman padi memilki tipe akar yang serabut (<i>radix
adventicia</i>) dan bentuk akar yang seperti benang (<i>filiformis</i>),
merupakan akar-akar yang menyusun akar serabut kecil-kecil berbentuk benang.
Akar-akar ini berukuran kurang lebih sama besar dan semuanya keluar dari
pangkal pada batang, jumlah akar yang sangat banyak memudahkan tanaman padi
untuk melekat di tanah yang berlumpur.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.75pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dari hasil pengamatan diketahui bahwa padi (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Oryza sativa </i>L.) memiliki sistem
perakaran serabut. Bentuk akar ini seperti benang. Ukuran serabut-serabut akar
ini hampir sama satu sama lain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Akar
pada tanaman ini tidak mengalami modifikasi. Bagian-bagian pada akar antara
lain leher akar, batang akar, cabang akar, serabut akar dan rambut-rambut akar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.05pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 46.75pt;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Akar Benalu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorantus sp</i>.)</span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Santales</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Lorantaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:Lorantus
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorantus </i>sp.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
C. C. G. J. Van Steenis. 2003</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
Tumbuhan akar benalu merupakan
tumbuhan setengah perdu yang merugikan pada tanaman berkayu yang biasanya
tumbuh menempel pada tanaman dan bersifat parasitisme. Mempunyai akar penggerek
atau akar penghisap (<i>haustorium</i>) yaitu akar-akar yang terdapat pada
tumbuhan yang hidup sebagai parasit pada inangnya dan berguna untuk menyerap
air maupun zat-zat makanan. Modifikasi akar ini akan menenbus kulit inangnya
tapi tidak sampai ke bagian kayu yang dalam, dan dari situ benalu mengambil zat
makanan. Tipe akar dari tumbuhan ini ialah akar serabut (<i>radix adventicia</i>)
dan bentuk akar yang seperti benang (<i>filiformis</i>).Dari hasil pengamatan
diketahui bahwa tumbuhan benalu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorantus
</i>sp.) mempunyai sistem perakaran tunggang yang berupa <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">haustorium</i>, yaitu akar yang sangat keras dan kaku yang dapat
menembus kulit batang inang sampai ke bagian kayu untuk menyerap air dan zat
makanan dari inangnya tersebut. Benalu merupakan tanaman parasit dan mempunyai
akar yang berupa akar penghisap atau akar penggerek. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
Akarnya ini berupa haustorium yang berbentuk bulat
yang merupakan penghubung antara benalu dengan inangnya, dan modifikasi akar
ini akan menembus kulit dari inangnya tapi tidak sampai ke bagian kayu yang
dalam, melalui akar ini benalu menagmbil sari makanan dari inangnya. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Akar Sirih (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Piper betle</i> L.)</span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"></span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Magnoliidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Piperales</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Piperaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Piper</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Piper betle</i> L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
C. C. G. J. Van Steenis. 2003<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
Tanaman sirih memiliki tipe
perakaran yang akar serabut (<i>radix adventicia</i>) dan bentuk akar seperti
benang (<i>filiformis</i>) serta modifikasi dari akar pelekat (<i>radix
adligans</i>). Akar pelekat ini merupakan akar-akar yang keluar dari buku-buku
batang tumbuhan memanjat dan berguna untuk menempel pada penunjangnya saja.
Akar pada tanaman sirih merupakan suatu modifikasi untuk memenuhi fungsinya
dari akar. <span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pada pengamatan bagian
akar yang terlihat antara lain leher akar, batang akar, cabang akar, dan
serabut akar.</span><span style="mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;">Dari hasil pengamatan diketahui bahwa tanaman sirih (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Piper betle</i> L.) memiliki sistem
perakaran serabut berbentuk benang. Bagian-bagian akar antara lain leher akar,
batang akar, cabang akar, dan serabut akar. Modifikasinya berupa akar pelekat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">radix adligans</i>) yang tumbuh di buku-buku
batang dan berfungsi untuk melekat pada penunjang. Akar pada tanaman sirih
merupakan suatu modifikasi untuk memenuhi fungsinya dari akar yang disebut akar
pelekat yaitu akar-akar yang keluar pada buku-buku batang tumbuhan memanjat dan
berguna untuk melekatkan diri pada penunjangnya</span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<h4>
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VI.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>KESIMPULAN</h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Tipe
akar ada dua yaitu akar serabut (pada singkong) dan akar tunggang (pada terong).
Pada akar tunggang, akarnya berasal dari akar lembaga, sedangkan akar serabut
tidak.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bentuk
akar ada tiga yaitu seperti tombak (pada wortel), gasing (pada bengkuang), dan
benang (pada rumput teki).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Modifikasi
pada akar ada umbi akar (pada wortel dan bangkuwang), akar udara (pada anggrek
kalajengking), akar penghisap (pada benalu), akar pelekat (pada sirih), akar
pembelit, akar nafas, akar tunjang, akar lutut, dan akar banir.</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<h4>
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VII.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>DAFTAR PUSTAKA</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Akhmad Dasuki, Undang. 1994. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sistematik
Tumbuhan Tinggi</i>. ITB. Bandung.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Amintarti,Sri. Dkk. 2015. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penuntun Praktikum Morfologi Tumbuhan. </i>Banjarmasin:
PMIPA FKIP UNLAM.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim. 2015. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Akar.</i> <u>http://id.wikipedia.org</u> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
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Anonim. 2015. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sponsor.</i> <u>http://kambing.ui.ac.id</u> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim. 2015. Tersedia<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u>.</u></i><u>
images.robby2004.multiply.multiplycontent.com</u> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim A. 2015. Tersedia. <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/">http://4.bp.blogspot.com</a>. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim B. 2015. Tersedia. <a href="http://www.tabloidnova.com/Nova/Griya/Taman/Menanam-Cabai-Harga-Tinggi-Tanam-Sendiri-1/"><span class="ircho"><span style="color: windowtext;">www.tabloidnova.com</span></span></a>.
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim C. 2015. Tersedia. <a href="http://agroscismk.bravehost.com/">http://agroscismk.bravehost.com</a>. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim D. 2015. Tersedia. <a href="http://i111.photobucket.com/albums/n154/gliter_shine/wortel.jpg">http://i111.photobucket.com/albums/n154/gliter_shine/wortel.jpg</a>.
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim E. 2015. Tersedia. <a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qdOd4IFOwQo/R1o2rmxd_gI/AAAAAAAAAKY/qDrk9p7JJME/s320/BENGKUANG.jpg">http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qdOd4IFOwQo/R1o2rmxd_gI/AAAAAAAAAKY/qDrk9p7JJME/s320/BENGKUANG.jpg</a>.
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim F. 2015. Tersedia. <u>http://hans.fugal.net
</u>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim G. 2015. Tersedia. <u>http://krismankpo.blogspot.com</u>
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim H. 2015. Tersedia. <u>http://lcnursery.wordpress.com</u>
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim I. 2015. Tersedia. <u>http://malang.indonetwork.co.id</u>
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim J. 2015. Tersedia. <u>http://w11.itrademarket.com</u>
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Anonim K. 2015. Tersedia. <u>http://kfk.kompas.com/kfk/view/99964
</u>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>07 Mei 2015.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Tjitrosoepomo, Gembong. 1985. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi
Tumbuhan</i>. UGM. Yogyakarta </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 74.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.4pt;">
Van<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Steenis, C.G.G.J. 2003. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Flora</i>. Pradaya Paramitha. Jakarta.</div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-81489577121733988702015-06-26T22:35:00.000-07:002015-06-26T22:35:06.452-07:00Laporan Praktikum VI Mor Tum<!--[if !mso]>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">PRAKTIKUM VI</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 76.5pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -76.5pt;">
Topik<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Bunga Majemuk</div>
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Tujuan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Mengenal berbagai bentuk dan tipe bunga majemuk dan bagian</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bagiannya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Hari/ tanggal<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Sabtu/ 18 April 2015</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Tempat<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Laboratorium Biologi PMIPA FKIP
UNLAM Banjarmasin</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="height: 21px; left: -8px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; top: 14px; width: 562px; z-index: 251662336;"><img height="7" src="file:///C:\Users\win8\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="562" /></span> </div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ALAT DAN
BAHAN</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Alat :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 49.65pt left 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Baki</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 49.65pt left 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Alat
tulis </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 49.65pt left 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Silet/cutter</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 49.65pt left 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Lup/kaca
pembesar</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 42.55pt 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bahan :</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Merak (<i>Caesalpinia pulcherrima </i>Swart.)</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Soka (<i>Ixora grandiflora </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list -99.0pt left -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Putri Malu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mimosa pudica</i> L)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list -99.0pt left -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Jantan dan Betina Jagung (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Zea mays</i>
L.)</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Kelapa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<i>Cocos nucifera </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list -99.0pt left -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Melati (<i>Jasminum sambac </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list -99.0pt left -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Lamtoro (<i>Leucaena glauca </i>L.)</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Matahari<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<i>Helianthus annuus</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list -99.0pt left -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Sirih (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Piper betle</i> L.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list -99.0pt left -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga Eceng
gondok (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Eichornia crassipes</i> (Mart.)
Solms.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list -99.0pt left -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Alamanda (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Allamanda cathartica</i> L.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list -99.0pt left -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Tasbih (<i>Canna</i> sp.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list -99.0pt left -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Anggrek Kalajengking (<i>Arachis flos-aeris</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list -99.0pt left -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Kertas (<i>Boug</i><i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">e</span>invillaea
spectabilis</i>)</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Telang (<i>Clitoria ternatea</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list -99.0pt left -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Kangkung (<i>Ipomea aquatica</i> L.)</div>
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<br /></div>
<h4 style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: -.5in list .5in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>CARA KERJA</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Menyiapkan alat dan bahan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Mengamati dan menentukan :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: 63.8pt list 71.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.75pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bagian-bagian bunga majemuk: ibu tangkai bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pedunculus</i>), tangkai bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pedicellus</i>), dasar bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">receptaculum</i>), perhiasan bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">perianthium</i>), daun pembalut (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">involucrum</i>), daun pelindung (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bractea</i>), daun tangkai (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bracteola</i>).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: 63.8pt list 71.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.75pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tipe bunga majemuk: tak terbatas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inflorescentia racemusa botryoides centripetala</i>), berbatas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inflorescentia cymosa centrifuga defitina</i>),
dan majemuk campuran. (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inflorescentia
mixta</i>), </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level4 lfo5; tab-stops: 63.8pt list 71.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.75pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bentuk bunga majemuk: tandan, bulir, untai, tongkol,
payung, cawan, bongkol, periuk, malai, malai rata, pay<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">u</span>ng majemuk, tongkol majemuk, bulir
majemuk, dan sebagainya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo5; tab-stops: -63.0pt list 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menggambar hasil pengamatan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list -58.5pt left -49.5pt -45.0pt list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b>TEORI DASAR</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
Apabila kita memperhatikan susunan suatu bunga, maka
akan diketahui bahwa bunga adalah penjelmaan suatu tunas (batang dan daun) yang
bentuk, warna dan susunannya disesuaikan dengan kepentingan tumbuhan, sehingga
pada bunga ini dapat berlangsung penyerbukan dan pembuahan. Dan akhirnya dapat
dihasilkan alat-alat perkembangbiakan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Alat perkembangbiakan pada tumbuhan dibedakan dalam dua
golongan, yaitu bersifat vegetatif dan generatif. Alat perkembangan generatif
tersebut bentuk dan susunannya berbeda-beda menurut jenisnya tumbuhan, tetapi
bagi tumbuhan yang berbiji, alat tersebut lazimnya merupakan bagian tumbuhan
yang kita kenal sebagai bunga. Pada bunga inilah terdapat bagian-bagian yang setelah
terjadi peristiwa persarian (penyerbukan) dan pembuahan akan menghasilkan
bagian tumbuhan yang disebut buah, yang di dalamnya terkandung biji dan biji
inilah yang nanti akan tumbuh menjadi tumbuhan baru.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 22.5pt;">
Bagian-bagian pada suatu bunga
lazimnya dibedakan atas:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 45.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bagian-bagian yang bersifat batang atau cabang, yaitu:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list .75in left 67.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in .75in left 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Ibu tangkai bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pedunculus</i>,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pedunculuscomunis</i> atau <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rhachis</i>), yaitu bagian yang biasanya
merupakan terusan batang atau cabang yang mendukung bunga majemuk tadi. Ibu
tangkai ini dapat bercabang, dan cabang-cabangnya bercabang lagi, dapat pula
sama sekali tidak bercabang.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in .75in left 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tangkai bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pedicellus</i>),
yaitu cabang ibu tangkai yang mendukung bunganya.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in .75in left 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Dasar bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">receptaculum</i>),
yaitu ujung tangkai bunga, yang mendukung bagian-bagian bunga lainnya.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list .75in left 67.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 45.0pt 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -40.5pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bagian-bagian yang bersifat seperti daun, yaitu:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo6; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Daun-daun pelindung (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bractea</i>), yaitu bagian-bagian serupa daun yang dari ketiaknya
muncul cabang-cabang ibu tangkai atau tangkai bunganya.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo6; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Daun tangkai (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bracteola</i>),
yaitu satu atau dua daun kecil yang terdapat pada tangkai bunga. Pada tumbuhan
biji belah (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dicotyledoneae</i>) biasanya
terdapat dua daun tangkai yang letaknya tegak lurus pada bidang median, sedang
pada tumbuhan biji tunggal (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monocotyledoneae</i>)
hanya terdapat satu daun tangkai dan letaknya di dalam bidang median, di bagian
atas tangkai bunga. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo6; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Seludang bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spatha</i>),
yaitu daun pelindung yang besar, yang seringkali menyelubungi seluruh bunga
majemuk waktu belum mekar. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo6; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Daun-daun pembalut (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bracteolainvoluclaris</i>),
yaitu sejumlah daun-daun pelindung yang tersusun dalam suatu lingkaran. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo6; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kelopak tambahan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">epicalix</i>),
yaitu bagian-bagian serupa daun yang berwarna hijau, tersusun dalam suatu
lingkaran dan terdapat di bawah kelopak. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo6; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Daun-daun kelopak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sepalae</i>).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo6; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Daun-daun mahkota atau daun tajuk (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">petalae</i>).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo6; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Daun-daun tenda bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tepalae</i>), jika kelopak dan mahkota sama bentuk dan warnanya.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo6; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Benang-benang sari (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">stamina</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l3 level7 lfo6; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Daun-daun
buah (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">carpella</i>)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 67.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Pada
bunga majemuk ibu tangkai ada yang dapat mengadakan percabangan dan ada pula
yang tidak. Ibu tangkai bunga yang tidak bercabang dan tidak berdaun disebut
sumbu bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">scaptus</i>). Ibu tangkai
bunga bercabang memperlihatkan cara percabangan yang bermacam-macam, selain itu
jumlah cabang dan panjangnya jika dibandingkan dengan ibu tangkai serta susunan
cabang-cabang berpengaruh pula terhadap urutan mekarnya masing-masing bunga
pada suatu bunga majemuk. Oleh karena itu bunga dapat bunga majemuk dapat
dibedakan dalam tiga golongan, yaitu:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bunga majemuk tak berbatas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inflorescentia racemusa botryoides centripetala</i>), yaitu bunga
majemuk yang ibu tangkainya dapat tumbuh terus, dengan cabang-cabang yang dapat
bercabang lagi atau tidak, dan mempunyai susunan “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">acropetal</i>” (semakin muda semakin dekat dengan ujung ibu tangkai),
dan bunga-bunga pada bunga majemuk ini mekar berturut-turut dari bawah ke atas.
Jika ujung ibu tangkai tak mendukung suatu bunga, tampaknya seakan-akan bunga
majemuk ini tidak berbatas, lagi pula jika dilihat dari atas, nampak bunga
mulai mekar dari pinggir menuju<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ke pusat
itulah maka bunga majemuk yang bersifat demikian ini dinamakan: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inflorescentia centripetal</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bunga majemuk berbatas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inflorescentia cymosa centrifuga defitina</i>), yaitu bunga majemuk
yang ujung ibu tangkainya selalu ditutup dengan suatu bunga, jadi ibu tangkai
mempunyai pertumbuhan yang terbatas. Ibu tangkai ini dapat pula
bercabang-cabang, dan cabang-cabang tadi seperti ibu tangkainya juga selalu
mendukung suatu bunga pada ujungnya.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bunga majemuk campuran (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inflorescentia mixta</i>), yaitu bunga majemuk yang memperlihatkan baik
sifat-sifat bunga majemuk berbatas maupun sifat bunga majemuk tak
berbatas.Suatu bunga majemuk harus dapat dibedakan cabang-cabang yang mendukung
sejumlah bunga di ketiaknya. Pada suatu bunga majemuk sumbu yang mendukung
bunga-bunga yang tidak lagi berguna sebagai alat untuk asimilasi. Walaupun
demikian menurut kenyataannya seringkali tidak mudah untuk membedakan suatu
bunga majemuk dari cabang yang mempunyai bunga-bunga di ketiaknya.</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">HASIL
PENGAMATAN</b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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/* Style Definitions */
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{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
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{mso-style-name:"Table Grid";
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<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 537px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 41.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: #DBE5F1; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 41.75pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">No.</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<td style="background: #DBE5F1; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 41.75pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Nama bunga</span></b></div>
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<td style="background: #DBE5F1; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 41.75pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe bunga majemuk</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #DBE5F1; border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 41.75pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent1; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bentuk</span></b></div>
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</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">1</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Merak </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tandan</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 20.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">2</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Soka </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Malai rata</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 20.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">3</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Putri Malu </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bongkol </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 9.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 9.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 9.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jagung </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 9.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jantan: tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 9.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jantan:
bulir majemuk</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 11.3pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 11.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Betina: tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 11.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Betina:
tongkol</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kelapa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tongkol
majemuk</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Matahari<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Cawan </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lamtoro </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bongkol </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Melati </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berbatas </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Anak payung
menggarpu</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sirih </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untai atau
bunga lada</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 20.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Eceng gondok </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tandan </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">11</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Anggrek
Kalajengking </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Malai </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 41.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">12</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Alamanda </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 41.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Anak payung
menggarpu </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">13</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Telang </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tandan </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">14</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bogenvil</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tak
berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Payung
majemuk</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.9pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">15</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tasbih</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.9pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tangga
berseling</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 42.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 42.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 29.35pt;" valign="top" width="39">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">16</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 134.1pt;" valign="top" width="179">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kangkung </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 137.3pt;" valign="top" width="183">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berbatas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 102.15pt;" valign="top" width="136">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Anak payung
menggarpu </span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
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<div class="Section1">
<b> V. ANALISIS DATA</b>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Merak </b>(<i>Caesalpinia pulcherrima
</i>Swart.)</div>
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<u>Klasifikasi</u></div>
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Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</div>
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Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rosidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Fabacales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Caesalpinia</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Caesalpinia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Caesalpinia
pulcherrima </i>Swart.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
(Cronquist, 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
Berdasarkan letaknya pada tumbuhan, bunga Merak berada
pada ujung batang (<i>flos terminalis</i>). Bunga ini mempunyai tipe bunga
majemuk tak berbatas yang ibu tangkainya dapat tumbuh terus dengan
cabang-cabang yang dapat bercabang lagi atau tidak dan mempunyai susunan <i>acropetal</i>.
Ibu tangkai pada bunga ini bercabang dan masing-masing tangkainya mendukung
satu bunga pada ujungnya sehingga bunga ini termasuk dalam golongan tandan yang
bunganya bertangkai nyata.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
Bunganya mekar dari bawah ke atas secara berurutan.
Mempunyai bagian-bagian berupa ibu tangkai daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pedunculus</i>), tangkai daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pedicellus</i>),
kelopak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">calyx</i>), mahkota (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">corolla</i>) dan alat kelamin yang tampak
berupa putik (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pistillum</i>) dan benang
sari (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">stamen</i>). <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Menurut
Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i>Morfologi tumbuhan</i> (2009:129)
mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh bunga majemuk tak berbatas adalah pada
kembang merak <i>Caesalpinia pulcherrima</i> Swart.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="Section2">
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Soka </b>(<i>Ixora
grandiflora </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<u>Klasifikasi </u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</div>
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Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rosidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rubiales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rubiaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Ixora</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Ixora grandiflora</i> L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
(Cronquist, 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
Bunga ini merupakan bunga majemuk yang bertipe tak
berbatas dengan bentuk bunga berupa malai rata yaitu bunga yang mempunyai ibu
tangkai yang mengadakan percabangan demikian pula seterusnya, tetapi
cabang-cabang tadi mempunyai sifat sedemikian rupa sehingga seakan-akan semua
bunga pada bunga majemuk ini terdapat pada suatu bidang datar atau agak
melengkung. Mempunyai tangkai daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pedicellus</i>),
duduk daun atau bertangkai pendek dan pada ujung tangkai dengan dua daun
pelindung,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mahkota (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">corolla</i>), putik (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pistillum</i>),
dan benang sari (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">stamen</i>).<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
Tanaman ini memiliki bunga berwarna cerah. Mulai dari
merah menyala (<em>scarlet</em>), kuning, jingga, merah muda, bahkan putih.
Bunganya mekar bergerombol. Setiap kuntumnya berukuran kecil dengan empat
kelopak. Ketika mekar, bunga-bunga ini memberi semburat warna cerah, di antara
hijau daunnya. Kembang Soka bisa tumbuh hingga ketinggian 80cm. <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i>Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:136) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh bunga majemuk tak
berbatas yang bentuknya malai rata adalah bunga soka (<i>Ixoka grandiflora</i>).</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Putri
Malu </b>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mimosa pudica</i> L.)</div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi </span></u></div>
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Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
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Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</div>
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Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rosidae</div>
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Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Fabacales</div>
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Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Mimosaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Mimosa</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:<i>
Mimosa pudica </i>L.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Cronquist, 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bunga
Put</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">r</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">i Malu merupakan bunga
majemuk tak berbatas yang berbentuk bongkol (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">capitulum</i>). Kelopaknya sangat kecil, bergerigi empat seperti
selaput pipih. Tabung mahkota sangat kecil, bertaju empat, lepas, berwarna
ungu. Polongan pipih, bentuk garis, di atas biji-biji menyempit tidak dalam. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
Pada sambangan
dengan banyak rambut sekat panjang, dan pucat, pada waktu masak lepas ke dalam
pecahan biji satu yang melepaskan diri dari sambangan tidak rontok.<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i>Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:135) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh bunga majemuk tak
berbatas yang mempunyai bentuk bunga bongkol adalah bunga sikejut atau <i>Mimosa
pudica</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<br /><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list -184.3pt 42.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Jagung
</b>(<i>Zea mays </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi </span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Diisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Liliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .75in; text-align: justify;">
Subclassis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Commelinidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Cyperales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Poaceae/Graminae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Zea</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list -184.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:<i>
Zea mays</i> L.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list -184.3pt; text-align: justify;">
(Cronquist, 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3CxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bunga Jagung mempunyai tipe bunga majemuk tak berbatas
dengan bentuk bunganya berupa tongkol pada bunga betina yaitu mempunyai ibu tangkai
yang besar, tebal dan seringkali berdagang, mempunyai putik (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pistillum</i>) berupa rambut/benang yang
sangat banyak dengan kepala putik (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">stigma</i>)
yang panjang. Sementara pada bunga jantan berupa bulir majemuk yaitu bunga yang
ibu tangkainya bercabang-cabang dan masing-masing cabang mendukung bunga-bunga
dengan susunan seperti bulir. Tiap bunga yang terdapat dalam ketiak daun
pelindung dan kelopak telah berubah. Mahkota terdiri atas dua daun mahkota
(jarang tiga) yang telah berubah menjadi badan seperti sisik kecil dan dapat
membengkak. Benang sari berjumlah 1-6 dan biasanya ada tiga tangkai sari yang
halus dengan kepala sari yang beruang dua. </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3CxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jagung memiliki bunga jantan dan bunga betina yang
terpisah (diklin) dalam satu tanaman (monoecious). Tiap kuntum bunga memiliki
struktur khas bunga dari suku Poaceae, yang disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Floret&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Floret (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">floret</span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pada jagung, dua floret dibatasi oleh sepasang glumae (tunggal: gluma).
Bunga jantan tumbuh di bagian puncak tanaman, berupa karangan bunga
(inflorescence). Serbuk sari berwarna kuning dan beraroma khas. Bunga betina
tersusun dalam tongkol. </span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3CxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tongkol tumbuh dari buku, di antara batang dan pelepah
daun. Pada umumnya, satu tanaman hanya dapat menghasilkan satu tongkol
produktif meskipun memiliki sejumlah bunga betina. Beberapa varietas unggul
dapat menghasilkan lebih dari satu tongkol produktif, dan disebut sebagai
varietas prolifik. Bunga jantan jagung cenderung siap untuk penyerbukan 2-5
hari lebih dini daripada bunga betinanya (protandri).</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3CxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Bunga
Kelapa<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(<i>Cocos nucifera </i>L.)</span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<u>Klasifikasi </u></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Liliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Subclassis<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Arecidae</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3CxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: Arecales</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3CxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: Arecaceae/Palmae</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3CxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cocos</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3CxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in 106.35pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cocos
nucifera</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> L.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3CxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in 222.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Cronquist, 1981)<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bunga Kelapa merupakan
bunga majemuk yang bertipe tak berbatas dengan bentuk berupa tongkol majemuk
yaitu bunga yang ibu tangkainya bercabang-cabang dan masing-masing cabang
merupakan bagian dengan susunan seperti tongkol pula dan bunga tongkol majemuk
ini diselubungi oleh seludang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spatha</i>)
yang besar, tebal dan kuat. Tongkol bunga dengan dua seludang bercabang satu
kali yaitu cabang karangan dengan bunga jantan yang banyak dan tersusun
berpasangan. <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Pada pangkalnya terdapat
satu buah bunga betina yang besar dan di kanan kirinya biasanya terdapat 2 buah
bunga jantan. Bunga jantan pada bunga ini mempunyai daun kelopak yang kecil dan
daun mahkota yang berbentuk lanset sedangkan bunga betina berbentuk bulat peluru
dengan perhiasan bunga yang berdagang dan menempel pada buah. <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunga">Bunga</a> tersusun majemuk pada
rangkaian yang dilindungi oleh bractea; terdapat bunga jantan dan betina,
berumah satu, bunga betina terletak di pangkal karangan, sedangkan bunga jantan
di bagian yang jauh dari pangkal.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i>Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:136) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh bunga majemuk tak
berbatas yang mempunyai bentuk bunga tongkol majemuk adalah bunga kelapa atau <i>Cocos
nucifera</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 112.5pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Matahari<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>(<i>Helianthus annuus </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">L.</span>)</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi </span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Asteridae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Asterales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Asteraceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Helianthus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>: <i>Helianthus
annuus </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt;">
(Cronquist,
1981)<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bunga ini merupakan bunga majemuk yang mempunyai tipe
tak berbatas dengan bentuk yang berupa cawan yaitu suatu bunga majemuk yang
ujung ibu tangkainya melebar dan merata, sehingga mencapai bentuk seperti cawan
dan pada bagian-bagain inilah tersusun bunga yang lengkap. Pada pagkal bunga
mejemuk yang demikian terdapat daun-daun pembalut (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bractea involucralis</i>). Pada bunga cawan terdapat dua macam bunga yaitu
bunga pita (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">flos ligulatus</i>)dengan mahkotanya
berbentuk seperti pita yang merupakan bunga mandul yang terdapat sepanjang tepi
cawan oleh sebab itu dinamakan pula bunga pinggir. Serta bunga tabung yaitu
bunga-bunga yang terdapat di atas cawannya sendiri (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">flos disci</i>), seringkali kecil dan berbentuk tabung. Bunga inilah
yang mempunyai kedua alat kelamin (benang sari dan putik) dan dapat
menghasilkan buah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bunga tersusun majemuk. Terdapat dua tipe bunga: bunga
tepi atau <i>bunga lidah</i> yang membawa satu kelopak besar berwarna kuning
cerah dan steril, dan <i>bunga tabung</i> yang fertil dan menghasilkan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biji">biji</a>. Bunga tabung ini jumlahnya
bisa mencapai 2000 kuntum dalam satu tandan bunga. Penyerbukan terbuka (silang)
dan dibantu oleh <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga">serangga</a>.
Pada hari yang cerah, tandan bunga majemuk mengikuti pergerakan harian matahari
(asal nama tumbuhan ini), yang gejalanya disebut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropisme" title="Tropisme">heliotropisme</a>.
Tumbuhan mendapat keuntungan 10% lebih <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotosintesis">fotosintesis</a> karena
pergerakan ini.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i>Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:133) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh bunga majemuk tak
berbatas yang mempunyai bentuk bunga cawan adalah bunga matahari.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 112.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga
Lamtoro </b>(<i>Leucaena glauca </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi </span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Subclassis<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Rosales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Mimosaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: <i>Leucaena</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
<i>Leucaena glauca</i> L.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
(Cronquist, 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bunga Lamtoro termasuk dalam bunga majemuk yang bertipe
tak terbatas karena ibu tangkainya tidak bercabang-cabang sehingga bunga yang
bertangkai itu langsung terdapat pada ibu tangkainya. Bentuk bunganya bongkol (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">capitulum</i>) yaitu suatu bunga majemuk yang
menyerupai bunga cawan tetapi tanpa daun-daun pambalut dan ujung ibu tangkainya
biasanya membengkak sehingga bunga majemuk seluruhnya berbentuk seperti bola.
Bunga-bunga yang duduk dibagian yang membengkak tadi seringkali mempunyai sisik
pada pangkalnya. Jadi sisik itu terletak pada bongkolnya (ujung ibu tangkai
yang membengkak tadi).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunga">Bunga</a>
majemuk berupa <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bongkol&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bongkol (halaman belum tersedia)">bongkol</a> bertangkai panjang yang
berkumpul dalam <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Malai (halaman belum tersedia)">malai</a> berisi 2-6 bongkol; tiap-tiap
bongkol tersusun dari 100-180 kuntum bunga, membentuk bola berwarna putih atau
kekuningan berdiameter 12-21 mm, di atas tangkai sepanjang 2-5 <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentimeter" title="Sentimeter">cm</a>. Bunga
kecil-kecil, berbilangan 5; tabung kelopak bentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonceng">lonceng</a> bergigi pendek, lk 3
mm; mahkota bentuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatula" title="Spatula">solet</a>, lk. 5 mm, lepas-lepas. Benangsari 10 helai, lk 1 cm,
lepas-lepas. <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i>Morfologi tumbuhan</i> (2009:135) mengatakan
bahwa salah satu contoh bunga majemuk tak berbatas yang mempunyai bentuk bunga
bongkol adalah bunga lamtoro</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 48.0pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bunga Melati <span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(<i>Jasminum sambac </i>L.)</span></h4>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi </span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Subclassis<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Asteridae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Asterales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Asteraceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Jasminum</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jasminum sambac</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">L</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
(Cronquist, 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 18.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Bunga
ini termasuk bunga majemuk berbatas dan bentuknya seperti anak payung menggarpu
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dichasium</i>). Pada ujung ibu tangkai
terdapat satu bunga. Di bawahnya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>terdapat dua cabang yang sama panjangnya, masing-masing mendukung satu
bunga pada ujungnya. Bunga yang mekar dahulu ialah bunga yang terdapat pada
ujung ibu tangkainya.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bunga Melati merupakan bunga majemuk yang mempunyai tipe
berbatas dengan bentuk berupa anak payung menggarpu yaitu bunga yang mempunyai
ibu tangkai yang pada ujungnya terdapat satu bunga (mekarnya lebih dahulu
daripada bunga lainnya) dan dibawahnya terdapat dua cabang yang sama
panjangnya, masing-masing mendukung satu bunga pada ujungnya. Mempunyai 2
benang sari (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">stamen</i>) yang melekat
pada mahkota (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">corolla</i>) dengan tangkai
sari (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">filamentum</i>) yang pendek dan
kepala sari (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">anthera</i>) besar dengan
dua ruang sari. Terdapat 1 tangkai putik yang sangat pendek. Mahkota (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">corolla</i>) berbentuk terompet dengan tajuk
berwarna putih bening, memanjang dan berbentuk lanset.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 18.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
Melati berbunga lengkap, bunga
bertangkai putik tidak sama, berbau harum dan berwarna putih, dalam anak payung
terdapat bunga, di ujung atau diketiak lebat. Taju berbentuk garis sempit,
mahkotanya berbentuk terompet dengan bentuk memanjang dan lanset dengan ujung
runcing. Tangkai putik dalam bunga yang bertangkai pendek. Umumnya bunga
bewarna putih.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i>Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:136) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh bunga majemuk
berbatas yang mempunyai bentuk bunga anak payung menggarpu adalah bunga melati.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 18.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Sirih </b>(<i>Piper betle </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<u>Klasifikasi </u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Subclassis<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Magnoliidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Piperales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Piperaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Piper</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
<i>Piper betle </i>L.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
(Cronquist, 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bunga Sirih termasuk dalam tipe bunga majemuk tak
berbatas dengan bentuk seperti untai atau bunga lada yaitu bentuknya seperti
bulir tetapi ibu tangkai hanya mendukung bunga-bunga yang berkelamin tunggal
dan runtuh seluruhnya (bunga majemuk yang mendukung bunga jantan, yang betina
menjadi buah). </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bunga berkelamin satu, berumah 1 atau 2, bulir berdiri
sendiri di ujung berhadapan dengan daun. Daun pelindung bentuk lingkaran, bulat
telur terbalik atau bulat memanjang. Bulir jantan terdiri atas 2 benang sari
dan sangat pendek. Sedangkan bulir betina kepala putiknya 3-5.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bunganya majemuk berbentuk bulir dan terdapat
daun pelindung ± 1 mm berbentuk bulat panjang. Pada bulir jantan panjangnya
sekitar 1,5 - 3 cm dan terdapat dua benang sari yang pendek sedang pada bulir
betina panjangnya sekitar 1,5 - 6 cm dimana terdapat kepala putik tiga sampai
lima buah berwarna putih dan hijau kekuningan.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya <i>Morfologi
tumbuhan</i> (2009:129) mengatakan bahwa salah satu contoh bunga majemuk tak
berbatas yang bentuk bunganya untai adalah pada sirih (<i>Piper betle</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Eceng Gondok </b>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Eichornia crassipes</i> (Mart.) Solms.)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<u>Klasifikasi </u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Liliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Subclassis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Liliidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Liliales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Pontederiaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Eichornia</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Eichornia crassipes</i> (Mart.) Solms.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
(Cronquist, 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Bunga Eceng Gondok termasuk dalam tipe bunga majemuk tak
berbatas dengan bentuk bunga tandan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">racemus</i>).
Benang sari (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">stamen</i>) umumnya 6 dalam
2 lingkaran, jarang 3 (dengan tanpa staminodia), tangkai sari (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">filamentum</i>) lepas, melekat pada tabung
tepal, putik (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ginaesium</i>) pada umunya
3 karpel membentuk 1 ovarium superus. Mempunyai mahkota bunga berwarna ungu.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
Bunganya termasuk bunga majemuk, berbentuk bulir,
kelopaknya berbentuk tabung. Bunga Eceng Gondok<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>awalnya merupakan hiasan namun pada akhirnya menjadi gulma air yang
sangat mengganggu, daunnya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk makanan ternak, pupuk, dan bahan
industri kertas.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
Menurut<cite>images.robby2004.multiply.multiplycontent.com
(2005), bunga eceng gondok bertipe bunga majemuk tak berbatas.</cite></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Anggrek Kalajengking </b>(<i>Arachnis
flos-aeris</i>).</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: list 35.45pt;">
<u>Klasifikasi
</u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Plantae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Magnoliophyta </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Liliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
Sub Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Lilidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Orchidales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Orchidaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Arachnis</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
<i>Arachnis flos-aeris</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
(Cronquist, 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bunga
Anggrek kalajengking merupakan bunga majemuk yang tak terabatas yang bertipe
malai (panicula) yakni ibu tangkainya mengadakan percabangan secara monopodial,
demikian pula cabang-cabangnya, sehingga suatu malai dapat disamakan dengan
suatu tandan majemuk (Tjitrosoepomo, 2003; 135). Bunga ini merupakan bunga yang
tidak sempurna karena tidak memiliki mahkota maupun kelopak bunga yang dimiliki
hanyalah tenda bunga, alat kelamin betina yang berupa stigma dapat terlihat
apabila penutup lobusnya dibuka, dan untuk anterediumnya tidak dapat terlihat
karena berada di dalam dan dengan cara dibelah saja baru bisa terlihat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 18.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
Merupakan bunga majemuk terbatas
dengan tipe bunga tangga atau bunga bercabang seling (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cincinnus</i>). Berkelamin dua. Pada bunga terdapat daun pelindung.
Bunga ini tersusun dalam rankaian bulir., tandan dan mala; Hiasan bunga
elpigin, tersusun atas daun tenda bunga yang terdapat dalam dua lingkaran.
Lingkaran luar berupa kelopak dan lingkaran dalam berupa mahkota bunga. Benang
sari berjumlah dua atau satu dan terdiri dari benang-benang sari yang literal
pada lingkaran dan median<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pada lingkaran
luar. Sedangkan benang sari lainnya bersifat mandul. Tangkai putik dan tangkia
sari berlekatan membentuk suatu tiang (columna) sedangkan untuk kepala putik
ada yang subur dan ada yang mandul dan ada yang mengalami metamorfosis.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
Menurut http://www.scribd.com/doc/28144057/Plant-Morphology-Formulas-and-Diagrams-of-Flowers
(2012), bunga anggrek termasuk bunga majemuk.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Alamanda </b>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Allamanda cathartica </i>L.)</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<u>Klasifikasi </u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Plantae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Sub Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Asteridae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Gentianales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Apocynaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Allamanda</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
<i>Allamanda cathartica</i> L.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
(Cronquist, 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
Menurut pengamatan, bunga ini merupakan bunga majemuk
tak berbatas dengan bentuk bunga tandan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">racemus</i>),
sama dengan enceng gondok di atas. Bunga alamanda merupakan bunga yang sempurna
dan bunganya memiliki mahkota seperti terompet namun pada bagian atas
mahkotanya terdapat torehan-torehan, putiknya tertutupi oleh mahkota bunga dan
untuk benang sarinya juga tertutupi oleh mahkota juga dan benang sarinya
tersebut langsung menempel pada bagian dalam mahkota bunga. Bunga dalam tandan
lepas di ujung. <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
Kelopak terbagi dalam, tinggi lk 1 cm, taju tidak
sama, bentuk lanset. Mahkota lk 7 cm panjangnnya, kuning; tabung sempit, pada
pangkal agak melebar, pada separonya mendadak melebar bentuk lonceng; leher
penuh dengan sisik yang terbelah dalam umbai; taju mahkota luas bulat telur,
menutup ke kiri. Benang sari tertancap dalam leher, tangkai benang sari sangat
pendek. Bunga alamanda berwarna kuning dan berbentuk seperti terompet dengan
ukuran diameter 5-7.5 cm.Tanaman ini memiliki bunga yang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harum&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Harum (halaman belum tersedia)">harum</a>. <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
Menurut http://www.plantamor.com (2008), bunga
allamanda termasuk bunga majemuk berbatas<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Telang </b>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Clitoria ternatea </i>L.)</div>
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<u>Klasifikasi
</u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Plantae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Fabales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Fabaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Clitoria</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: list 7.1pt; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
<i>Clitoria ternatea </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: list 7.1pt;">
(Cronquist,
1981)</div>
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Bunga
telang tipe bunga majemuk tak berbatas dengan tipe tandan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">racemus</i>). Bunga telang yang diamati terdapat bagian-bagian seperti
tangkai bunga, kelopak bunga dan mahkota bunga, namun untuk putik dan benang
sarinya tidak begitu kelihatan. Untuk melihat putik dan benang sarinya perlu
diperhatikan bahwa pada mahkota bunganya ada beberapa mahkota bunga yang
terletak di tengah mengalami modifikasi sehingga menjadi sebuah mahkota pelindung,
dan apabila mahkota tersebut kita buka maka di dalamnya terdapat semacam
tangkai atau yang disebut stilus, stilus ini terdapat membengkok di dalam
mahkota pelindung dan apabila diluruskan maka akan terlihat benang-benang sari
yang menempel pada stilus tersebut dan di puncak stilus terdapat satu buah
kepala putik.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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Sedangkan
menurut literatur, Bunga dengan bendera mengarah ke bawah, jarang berumah dua,
tangkai karangan bunga sampai 1,5 cm; anak tangkai bunga lk 0,5 cm. Daun
pelindung pada pangkal kelopak oval lebar sampai bentuk lingkaran, bergaris,
panjang 0,5-1 cm. Kelopak tinggi 1,5-2,5 cm, boleh dikatakan gundul; taju 5
runcing. Bidang bendera yang oval atau bulat telur terbalik, biru tua, biru
muda, violet, atau putih, di tengah dengan noda yang kuning pucat dilingkungi
tepi yang putih, panjang 4-5 cm; di luar dengan rambut kait yang banyak; lunas
bergandengan dengan sayap dan lebih pendek.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 28.35pt; tab-stops: 18.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
Pada bunga ini benang sarinya
berjumlah 10 buah, tersusun atas dua berkas, berkas pertama tersusun dari 7
benang sari sedangkan berkas kedua tersusun atas 3 benang sari. Putik pada
bunga ini berbentuk lembaran pipih seperti daun. Kelopak bunga berjumlah 5 buah
yang berdekatan dengan dua lingkaran sedangkan tajuk bunga / mahkota bunga
berjumlah 3 buah dan berlekatan dengan satu lingkaran. Simetris bunga ini
termasuk simetris bunga setangkup tunggal dengan bentuk setangkup tegak. Hal
ini sesuai dengan bidang simetri bunga yang berimpit dengan bidang mediannya.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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Menurut <cite>www.proseanet.org
(2012), bunga telang memiliki bunga bertipe majemuk tak berbatas.</cite></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">bugenvil</span></b>(<i>Bougeinvillea
spectabilis</i>)</div>
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<u>Klasifikasi
</u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Plantae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Caryophyllidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Caryophyllales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Nyctaginaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Bougainvillea</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Spesies <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
<i>Bougeinvillea spectabilis</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
(Cronquist, 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
Bunga ini merupakan bunga majemuk tak
berbatas dengan bentuk bunga payung majemuk (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">umbella composita</i>), yakni suatu payung yang bersusun, dapat pula
dikatakan sebagai bunga payung, yang bagian-bagiannya suatu payung kecil (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">umbellula</i>). Pada pangkal percabangan
pertama terdapat daun-daun pembalut (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">involucrum</i>),
demikian pula pada pangkal percabangan yang berikutnya, hanya daun-daunnya
lebih kecil (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">involucellum</i>). <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
Menurut (Steenis, 2003: 179-180), bunga
tersusun dalam anak payung bertangkai, di ketiak, berjumlah 1-7 anak payung,
masing-masing anak payung terdiri dari 3 bunga; anak payung terkumpul menjadi
malai ujung yang berdaun. Daun pelindung duduk, bulat telur, bertulang daun,
tidak rontok, merah batu, ungu, atau karmin, 3-6 kali 1,5-4 cm. Tenda bunga
bentuk tabung, berambut; tabung berusuk 5, bersegi 5, 1,5-2,5 cm panjangnya,
hijau, bagian bawah agak melembung dan bagian ini tetap menyelubungi buah,
bagian atas rontok; tepi melebar, terbentang, kuning, dengan 10 taju, di mana 5
melekuk ke dalam. Benang sari kebanyakan 8, tidak sama, lk sama panjangnya
dengan tabung. Tangkai putik lebih pendek, kepala putik miring, kerapkali tidak
dengan taju-bertaju tidak beraturan.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.65pt;">
Menurut
http://sahabatbiologi.blogspot.com<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(2010) dalam sebuah tulisannya di katakana, “Berdasarkan hasil
pengamatan, bunga bougenville termasuk bunga majemuk tak terbatas dan tumbuh
pada ketiak daun. Bagian-bagian dari bunga bougenville yaitu tenda bunga,
bunga, tangkai, kepala putik, tangkai putik, benang sari, dan tangkai sari.
Dengan bagian-bagian seperti itu, bunga bougenville tergolong bunga tidak
lengkap. Bunga bougenville dapat dibilang bunga yang unik, karena bunganya
tumbuh pada tenda bunga<i> (perigonium)</i>. Jadi untuk melihat organ-organ
bunga, bunga tersebut harus di lepaskan dari tendanya kemudian dibedah,
sehingga akan terlihat semua organ-organnya.”</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Tasbih </b>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cannaindica</i>)</div>
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<u>Klasifikasi
</u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Plantae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Liliopsida</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Sub Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Zingiberidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Zingiberales</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Cannaceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Canna</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
<i>Canna</i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">indica</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: list 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
(Cronquist, 1981)</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menurut
pengamatan, bunga ini merupakan bunga majemuk tak berbatas dengan bentuk bunga
tandan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">racemus</i>), sama dengan enceng
gondok di atas. Bunga tasbih merupakan bunga yang sempurna dan pada bunga
tasbih ini memiliki keunikan tersendiri karena pada bunga ini orang akan salah
mengira yang mana benang sarinya. Pada bunga tasbih benang sarinya adalh yang
menyerupai mahkota bunga mahkota bunganya terletak di bawah benang sarinya
tersebut, sedangkan putiknya terletak di tengah-tengah benang sarinya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bunga
besar dengan warna-warna cerah (merah, kuning) tersusun dalam rangkaian
berbentuk tandan. Buah berupa buah kendaga, biji banyak, bulat. Hampir selalu
ditanam sebagai tanaman hias, tapi tumbuh liar di hutan dan daerah pegunungan
sampai ketinggian 1.000 dari permukaan laut. Jenis lain, Canna edulis Ke Gawl.
(Ganyong) mempunyai kelopak bunga lebih kecil, daun hijau tengguli dengan ping
lebih tengguli.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: -1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
Menurut <cite>kepribadianquranioche.blogspot.com
(2011), bunga tasbih mempunyai tipe bunga majemuk berbatas.</cite></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Bunga Kangkung </b>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ipomoea aquatica</i> L.)</div>
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<u>Klasifikasi
</u></div>
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Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Plantae</div>
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Divisio <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Magnoliophyta</div>
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Classis <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Magnoliopsida</div>
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Subclassis <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Asteridae</div>
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Ordo <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Solanales</div>
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Familia <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Convolvulaceae</div>
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Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Ipomea</div>
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Spesies <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
<i>Ipomea aquatica</i> L.</div>
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(Cronquist,
1981)<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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Bunga kangkung termasuk bunga majemuk
tak terbatas dengan bentuk bunga payung (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">umbella</i>),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yakni suatu bunga majemuk tak terbatas, yang
ibu tangkainya mengeluarkan cabang yang sama panjangnya. dapat dibandingkan
dengan literatur yang menyebutkan; Karangan bunga di ketiak, bentuk payung,
berbunga sedikit. Daun pelindung kecil. Bunga kangkung juga merupakan bunga
yang sempurna. <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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Pada bunga kangkung mahkota bunganya
tidak terdapat torehan-torehan sehingga mahkotanya berbentuk seperti terompet serta
mahkotanya saling bertautan dan tidak dapat mekar seluruhnya sehingga sangat
sulit untuk melihat putik serta benang sari yang terdapat di dalamnya, tangkai
putik dan benang sarinya sangat pendek sehingga untuk melihatnya mahkota
bunganya harus dirobek terlebih dahulu. Tangkai putik lebih panjang
dibandingkan dengan tangkai benang sari.Benang sari tertancap dalam dan tidak
sama lainnya. Kepala sari pada bung aini berbentuk panah dengan jumlah benang
sari 5 buah. Tangkai putik berbentuk seperti benang. Kepala putiknya terletak
di tengah dan berbentuk bola rangkap. Tonjolan dasar bunga kangkung berbentuk
cincin.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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Menurut<cite>plant-to-plant.blogspot.com
(2012), bunga kangkung atau Ipomea auatica termasuk bunga majemuk berbatas.</cite><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h4 style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in left 1.0in 78.0pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VI.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>KESIMPULAN</h4>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bunga majemuk bersifat:</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bagian-bagian yang bersifat seperti batang atau cabang:
ibu tangkai bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pedunculus</i>),
tangkai bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pedicellus</i>), dasar
bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">receptaculum</i>),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 56.7pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list -2.0in 42.55pt left 60.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bagian-bagian yang bersifat seperti daun: daun pembalut
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">involucrum</i>), daun pelindung (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bractea</i>), daun tangkai (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bracteola</i>), seludang bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spatha</i>), daun pembalut, kelopak
tambahan, kelopak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">calyx</i>), mahkota (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">corolla</i>) dan daun tajuk, tenda bunga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">perigonium</i>), benang sari (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">stamen</i>) dan daun buah (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">karpelum</i>), serta putik (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pistillum</i>).</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tipe-tipe bunga majemuk ada 3 yaitu:</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bunga majemuk tak berbatas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inflorescentia racemusa botryoides centripetala</i>): </div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bunga majemuk berbatas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inflorescentia cymosa centrifuga defitina</i>),, contoh Bunga Melati</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Bunga majemuk campuran (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inflorescentia mixta</i>).</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Pada hasil pengamatan, sebagian besar bunga memiliki
tipe bunga majemuk tak berbatas dengan tipe: malai, untai, tongkol, bunga
cawan, bunga payung, bunga bongkol, malai, malai rata, bunga payung majemuk,
bunga tongkol majemuk, bulir majemuk. Sedangkan yang dengan tipe bunga majemuk berbatas
hanya dengan bentuk anak payung menggarpu.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> VII.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
Amintarti,Sri. Dkk. 2015. Penuntun Praktikum Morfologi Tumbuhan.
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<br /></div>
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Anonim . 2015. Tersedia. images.robby2004.multiply.multiplycontent.com(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 22 April 2015.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Anonim. 2015. Tersedia. http://sahabatbiologi.blogspot.com (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 22 April 2015.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Anonim. 2015. Tersedia. kepribadianquranioche.blogspot.com (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>)<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">. </span>Diakses 22 April 2015.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Anonim a. 2015. Merak. http://faridbj.blogspot.com (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 22 April 2015.</div>
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Anonim b. 2015. Soka. http://www.vintage-maps.com (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 22 April 2015.</div>
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Anonim c. 2015. Putri malu. http://nl.wikipedia.org (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 22 April 2015.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Anonim d1. 2015. Bunga jantan jagung. http://www.sciencephoto.com (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 22 April 2015.</div>
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Anonim d3.
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 63.0pt; text-indent: -31.5pt;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Anonim l. 2015. Alamanda. http://jomtanambunga.blogspot.com (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 22 April 2015.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Anonim m. 20<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">1</span>5.
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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Anonim <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">p</span>. 2015. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kangkung</i>.
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<br /></div>
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Tjitrosoepomo, Gembong. 1985. Morfologi Tumbuhan. Yogyakarta:Gajah
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<br />
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-47764469303989861172015-06-26T22:13:00.000-07:002015-06-26T22:18:23.880-07:00laporan praktikum III Mor Tum<!--[if !mso]>
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DAN BAHAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alat</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Baki</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alat Tulis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ranting kembang
sepatu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ranting alamanda
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Allamanda cathartica </i>L.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tumbuhan pandan
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pandanus </i>sp)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tanaman Bayam (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amaranthus spinosus</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tanaman Pepaya (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Carica papaya </i>L.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CARA
KERJA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mengamati duduk daun pada ranting, cabang, atau batang
(tunggal tersebar, tunggal berseling, berhadapan, berseling berhadapan,
berkarang, roset batang, roset akar, monospirotik, trispirotik).</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menghitung rumus daun: ½, 2/5, 3/5, dst.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menggambar bagan dan diagram daun.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TEORI
DASAR</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun-daun pada suatu tumbuhan biasanya
terdapat pada batang atau cabangnya, ada kalanya daun-daun berjejal-jejal pada
suatu bagian batang, yaitu pada pangkal atau bagian ujungnya. Umumnya daun-daun
pada batang terpisah pada batang terpisah-pisah dengan suatu jarak yang nyata.
Jika untuk mencapai daun yang tegak lurus dengan daun permulaan garis spiral
tadi mengelilingi batang <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">a</i> kali, dan
jumlah daun yang di lewati selama itu adalah <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">b,</i> juga dinamakan rumus daun atau disvergensi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pecahan a/b selanjutnya dapat
menunjukkan sudut antara dua daun berturut-turut jika diproyeksikan pada bidang
datar. Jarak antara kedua daun pun tetap dan besarnya adalah a/b x 360<sup>0</sup>,
yang di sebut sudut disvergensi, ternyata didapati pecahan a/b dapat terdiri
dari pecahan 1/2, 1/3, 2/5, 3/8, 5/13, 8/21<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
</b>dan seterusnya. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Untuk
menjelaskan tata letak daun dapat dilakukn dengan bagan tata letak daun dan
diagram tata letak daunnya.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagan
Tata Letak Daun</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk membuat bagan tata letak
daun, batang tumbuhan digambar sebagai silinder dan padanya digambar membujur
ortostik-ortostiknya, demikian pula pada buku-buku batangnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diagram
Tata Letak Daun</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Untuk membuat diagram tata letak
daun, batang tumbuhan harus di pandang sebagai kerucut memanjang, denan
buku-bukunya sebagai lingkaran-lingkaran sempurna. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Jika diproyeksikan pada bidang datar maka buku-buku
tersebut akan menjadi lingkaran-lingkaran yang konsentris dan puncak kerucut
akan menjadi titik pusat lingkaran-lingkaran tadi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spirostik
dan Parastik</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada suatu tumbuhan garis-garis ortostik
yang biasanya tampak lurus ke atas, dapat mengalami perubahan-perubahan arahnya
karena pengaruh macam-macam faktor. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Perubahan
sangat karakteristik ialah ortostik menjadi garis spiral yang tampak melingkar
batang pula. Dalam keadaan yang demikian, spiral genetik sukar ditentukan dan
tampaknya letak daun pada batang mengikuti ortostik yang telah berubah menjadi
garis spiral tadi yang diberi nama lain spirostik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bagian tumbuhan
yang letak daunnya cukup rapat, daunnya seakan-akan mengikuti garis spiral ke
kiri atau ke kanan. Garis spiral dengan arah putaran ke kiri dan ke kanan
menghubungkan daun-daun yang menurut ke<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>arah samping (mendatar, horizontal) mempunyai jarak terdekat. Setiap
daun mempunyai tetangga yang terdekat, satu ke kiri dan satunya ke kanan. Dari
sudut situ pula tampak ada spiral ke kiri dan ke kanan. Gari-garis itu disebut
parastik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 40.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HASIL
PENGAMATAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tabel hasil pengamatan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nama
Spesies</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tata
Letak daun</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Rumus
daun</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.</span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tunggal tersebar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2/5</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 28.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Allamanda cathartica </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">L.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Berkarang </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">-</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 28.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 28.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Pandanus </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">sp</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Spirostik </span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">-</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 28.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 28.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Amaranthus spinosus </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">L.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tunggal tersebar</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 28.35pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2/5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 29.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 29.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Carica papaya </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">L.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tunggal tersebar</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2/5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
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</xml><![endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> V. ANALISIS
DATA</span></b>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ranting kembang
sepatu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Magnoliophyta</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Magnoliopsida</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Malvales</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Malvaceae</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Hibiscus</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
L.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(Sumber: </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cronquist</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1981</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada batang tanaman Kembang Sepatu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hibiscus rosa-sinensis </i>L.) memiliki
susunan daun tunggal dengan tata letak daun tersebar. Tumbuhan ini mempunyai
bentuk batang bulat, upih daun tidak ada, tangkai daun silindris, sisi atas
tegak pipih dan menebal pada pangkalnya. Arah tumbuh batang tegak menuju ke
atas. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rumus tata letak daun :
2/5</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Rumus
daun merupakan perbandingan banyaknya daun yang tegak lurus yang dikelilingi
garis spiral pada batang (a) dan jumlah daun yang dilewati (b) = a/b. Rumus ini
diperoleh dengan menentukan daun pertama sebagai patokan (∆o), kemudian
menentukan daun di atasnya yang persis tegak lurus dengan daun pertama tadi ,
setelah dapat baru menghitung jumlah daun pertama sampai daun yang tegak lurus
tadi, pada bayam terdapat 5 daun yang melingkari batang sebanyak 2 kali
sehingga ditemukan rumus daunnya 2/5. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sudut divergensi : 2/5
x 360˚ = 144˚</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dengan menggunakan rumus daun dapat
menggunakan jarak sudut antara dua daun yang berturut-turut yaitu dikali
besarnya lingkaran = a/b x 360˚. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sudut
yang berdekatan antara dua daun ini disebut dengan sudut divergensi . Pada
ranting kembang sepatu<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sudut yang
dibentuk antara dua daun yang berdekatan yang besarnya selalu sama yaitu 144˚.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ranting alamanda
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Allamanda cathartica </i>L.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sub
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Asteriidae</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apocynales&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Apocynales (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-themecolor: text1;">Apocynales</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Apocynaceae</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Allamanda<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Allamanda cathartica</i> L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Sumber : Cronquist.1981)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan pada batang atau
ranting tumbuhan alamanda diperoleh bahwa tata letak daun pada tumbuhan tidak
bisa ditentukan.<span style="color: #0d0d0d;"> Tata letak daun alamanda berkarang
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(folia verticillata)</span><span lang="SV" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">,
karena terdapat lebih dari dua daun pada setiap buku-buku batang. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sehingga
pada tanaman Alamanda ini tidak dapat ditentukan rumus daunnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.55pt;">
<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tetapi pada duduk daunnya memperlihatkan
ortostik-ortostiknya yang menghubungkan daun-daun yang tegak lurus satu sama
lain. Sedangkan garis spiralnya memutar ke kiri dan kanan menghubungkan
daun-daun yang menurut arah ke samping mempunyai jarak terdekat. Garis-garis
spiral ini yang disebut parastik. Tanaman alamanda memiliki batang berbentuk
bulat dan berwarna coklat. Daun alamanda memiliki bangun bentuk lanset dengan
ujung meruncing dan pangkal daun yang tumpul. Tepinya rata tidak bergerigi,
permukaan licin mengkilap, daging daun tipis dan kaku seperti perkamen dengan
tulang daun yang menyirip. Daun alamanda termasuk daun bertangkai yang terdiri
dari helai daun berwarna hijau tua dan tangkai daun berwarna coklat, bunganya
berwarna kuning.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi Tumbuhan (1985:11), tata letak daun yang
demikian ini dinamakan: berkarang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">folia
verticillata</i>), dapat a.l. ditemukan pada pohon pulai (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alstonia scholaris </i>R. Br.), alamanda (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Allamanda cathartica </i>L.). oleander (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nerium oleander </i>L.).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tumbuhan pandan
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pandanus </i>sp)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Plantae</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Magnoliophyta</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Magnoliopsida</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Pandanales</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Pandanaceae</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Pandanus</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pandanus</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sp</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Sumber
: Cronquist.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1981)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfologi daun pandan yaitu daun dengan
ujung segitiga lancip, tepi daun dan lapisan bawah dari pada ibu tulang daun
berduri tempel (emergensia), berlilin dan hijau tua, daun bentuk pita
berpelepah. Pandan merupakan segolongan </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tumbuhan</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monokotil" title="Monokotil"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">monokotil</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
dari genus </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pandanus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pandanus (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pandanus</span></i></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Sebagian besar anggotanya merupakan tumbuh di pantai-pantai daerah
tropika.Anggota tumbuhan ini dicirikan dengan daun yang memanjang (seperti daun
palem atau rumput), seringkali tepinya bergerigi.</span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar" title="Akar"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Akarnya</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
besar dan memiliki </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Akar_tunjang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Akar tunjang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">akar tunjang</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
yang menopang tumbuhan ini.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tata letak daun pada tanaman pandan
mengikuti garis-garis ortostik yang telah berubah menjadi garis spiral yang
melingkari batang atau dapat dikatakan karena terjadi pertumbuhan batang yang
tidak lurus melainkan memutar, akibatnya ortostiknya ikut memutar yang disebut
spirostik. Batang tanaman pandan memperlihatkan tiga spirostik atau disebut
trispirotik. Oleh karena itu, tanaman pandan tidak dapat ditentukan rumus
daunnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tanaman Bayam (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amaranthus spinosus</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Plantae</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Magnoliophyta</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Magnoliopsida</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Caryophyllales</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Amaranthaceae</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Amaranthus</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Amaranthus spinosus </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">L.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber:
Cronquist</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1981</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;">Tanaman ini merupakan
herba yang berumur satu tahun atau anual,susunan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>daun tunggal dan tata letak daun tersebar
dengan rumus daunnya 2/5 dan sudut divergensinya 144</span><sup><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">o</span></sup><span lang="IT" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IT;">. Batang basah dan berair berbentuk bulat dan mempunyai
permukaan batang yang licin, tangkai daun silinder, sisi agak pipih, daun
menebal pada pangkalnya. Arah tumbuh batang tegak lurus dan tiper
percabangannya adalah monopodial yaitu batang pokok tampak jelas karena lebih
besar dan lebih panjang. Sifat batangnya sirus pendek yaitu cabang-cabang kecil
dengan ruas pendek selain daun. Helaian daun bulat telur dengan susunan tulang
daun menyirip, pangkal daun tumpul dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>ujung daun yang agak membulat sedangkan tepi daunnya rata.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun pada tanaman bayam letaknya
berselang-seling dan pada setiap buku-buku batang tanaman ini hanya terdapat
satu daun.Oleh karena itu rumus daun tanaman ini dapat dicari.Dan berdasarkan
pengamatan serta perhitungan diketahui bahwa tanaman daun baya, memiliki rumus
daun (divergensi) 2/5.Yaitu untuk mencapai daun yang tegak lurus dengan daun
permulaan, garis spiral (spiral genetik) mengelilingi batang sebanyak 2 kali
dan jumlah daun yang dilewati garis sptral tersebut sebanyak 5 daun.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika diproyeksikan pada bidang datar,
maka antara dua daun berturut-turut dapat dicari jarak sudutnya, dan sudut
antara dua daun tanaman bayam (sudut divergensi) yaitu: 2/5 x 360° = 144°</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tanaman Pepaya (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Carica papaya </i>L.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Plantae</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Magnoliophyta</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Magnoliopsida</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Violales</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Caricaceae</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span lang="IN">Carica</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Carica papaya </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">L.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Sumber:
Cronquist:1981)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun pepaya merupakan daun
tunggal dan pada tiap-tiap buku-buku batang bayam terlihat hanya terdapat satu
daun saja, sehingga tata letak daun bayam adalah tunggal tersebar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">folia sparsa</i>). Untuk mengetahui rumus
daun bayam diambillah satu daun sebagai titik tolak, bergerak mengikuti garis
yang menuju ke titik duduk daun pada buku-buku batang di atasnya dengan
mengambil jarak terpendek, demikian seterusnya, hingga sampai pada daun yang
letaknya tepat pada garis vertikal (sejajar) di atas daun pertama yang dipakai
sebagai titik tolak. Ada 5 daun yang dilewati dari titik tolak sampai daun yang
sejajar itu, tanpa menghitung daun titik tolak dan menghitung daun yang
sejajar. Juga telah dua kali mengelilingi batang pepaya hingga mencapai daun
yang sejajar tadi. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Jadi untuk mencapai daun
yang tegak lurus dengan daun permulaan garis spiral tadi mengelilingi batang 2
kali, dan jumlah daun yang dilewati selama itu adalah 5 kali, maka perbandingan
kedua bilangan tadi akan merupakan pecahan 2/5, itulah rumus daun (divergensi) nya.
Dari rumus tersebut dapat kita cari sudut divergensinya, yaitu jarak sudut
antara dua daun berturut-turut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sudut divergensi:</span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> VI. <span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">KESIMPULAN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tata letak
daun pada tumbuhan tingkat tinggi terbagi menjadi tiga, yaitu:
berhadapan-berselang, tersebar, dan berkarang.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hanya tumbuhan
dengan tata letak daun tersebar yang dapat ditentukan rumus, bagan, dan diagram
daunnya.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rumus daun
merupakan perbandingan (a/b) antara jumlah garis spiral yang mengelilingi
batang (a) dengan jumlah daun yang dilewatinya (b).</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada tanaman
Kembang Sepatu (<i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i>) letak daunnya berselang-seling
dan memiliki rumus daun 2/5 dengan sudut disvergensi 144<sup>o</sup>.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada tanaman bayam (<i>Amaranthus
spinosus</i> L.) letak daunnya berselang-seling dan memiliki rumus daun 2/5
dengan sudut disvergensi 144<sup>o</sup>.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada tanaman
pepaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) mempunyai tata letak daun yang tersebar,
memiliki rumus daun 3/8 dengan sudut disvergensi 135<sup>o</sup>.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada tanaman
Alamanda (<i>Allamanda cathartica</i> L.) dan Pandan (<i>Pandanus</i> <i>sp</i>.)
rumus daunnya tidak dapat ditentukan karena alamanda memiliki daun
yang berkarang ataupun roset batang sedangkan pandan berupa spirostik ataupun
roset akar.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>VII. <span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Amintarti,Sri. Arsyad. 2015. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penuntun
Praktikum Morfologi Tumbuhan. </i>Banjarmasin: PMIPA FKIP UNLAM.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anonim a. 2012. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Forum</i>. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tersedia</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://community.breastcancer.org
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses pada tanggal 8
maret 2015.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anonim b. 2011. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deskripsi
Allamanda cathartica</i>.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tersedia</span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">pada </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://luqmanmaniabgt.blogspot.com
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses pada tanggal 8
maret 2015.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Anonim</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"> c. 2014.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN">Pandanus </span></i><span lang="IN">[online] .Tersedia.pada </span></span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.peakoil.org.au/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.peakoil.org.au</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">(</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">online</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">).</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></i><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Diakses
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">pada tanggal 8 maret
2015.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anonim<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">d.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"> 2014.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN">Plant</span></i><span lang="IN">
. Tersedia pada<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.hear.org/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://www.hear.org</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">(</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Online</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">)</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Diakses </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">pada tanggal 5 </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Maret 201</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">5.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anonim e. 2014. </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Carica Papaya</span></i><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tersedia</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pada </span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://toptropicals.com/"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">http://toptropicals.com</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;"> (online)</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">Diakses pada tanggal</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">8 </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Maret 201</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-themecolor: text1;">5.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tjitrosoepomo, Gembong. 1985. Morfologi Tumbuhan. Yogyakarta:Gajah Mada
University Press.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-49363811541321278582015-06-26T21:56:00.000-07:002015-06-26T22:01:32.092-07:00COELENTERATA
<b><br /></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pengertian
Coelenterata</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Coelon</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> artinya rongga dan<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> entero</i> artinya usus, jadi hewan ini
menggunakan rongga tubuh yang dimilikinya sebagai tempat pencernaan makanan.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Coelenterata merupakan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">kelompok <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hewan berongga</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mempunyai
bentuk tubuh seperti tabung. Bentuk tubuhnya beragam , tetapi <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">mempunyai rongga dengan mulut</span> yang <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">dikelilingi </span>oleh <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">tentakel</span>. Dalam keadaan berenang,
mulutnya menghadap ke dasar laut.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Tubuh <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">hewan
berongga</span> terdiri dari jaringan luar (<i>eksoderm</i>), jaringan
dalam (<i>endoderm</i>) dan sistem otot yang membujur dan menyilang. Contoh
hewan berongga antara lain <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ubur-ubur,
hydra, dan anemon laut</span>.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tubuh simetris radial.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diploblastik (tubuh terdiri dari dua lapisan jaringan) yaitu
ektoderm (epidermis) berfungsisebagai pelindung dan endoderm (lapisan dalam
atau gastrodermis) berfungsi untuk pencernaan.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memiliki rongga tubuh yang digunakan sebagai usus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Habitat diperairan, baik perairan tawar maupun laut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pencernaan makanan dengan sistem gastrovaskuler.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memiliki lengan (tentakel) yang dilengkapi dengan cnidoblast
yang berisi sel beracun dan benda seperti sengat yang disebut nematochis.
Bila cnidoblast tersentuh maka mematochisakan dijulurkan digunakan untuk
menangkap dan melumpuhkan mangsanya mangsanya,disamping sebagai alat pertahanan
terhadap serangan musuh.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memiliki 2 tipe tubuh, yaitu: Tipe polip, tipe tubuh yang
hidupnya tak bebas atau menempel pada substrat tertentu. Tipe medusa
(seperti payung), merupakan tipe tubuh yang dapat hidup bebas, karena memiliki
kemampuan untuk berenang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Coelenterata memiliki sistem saraf sederhana yang tersebar
berbentuk jala yang berfungsimengendalikan gerakan dalam merespon rangsangan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 70.9pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem saraf terdapat pada mesoglea. Mesoglea adalah lapisan
bukan sel yang terdapatdiantara lapisan epidermis dan gastrodermis.
Gastrodermis tersusun dari bahan gelatin.</span></div>
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</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.materi-sma.com/2014/06/penjelasan-ciri-klasifikasi-dan-peranan-coelenterata.html"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Reproduksi Coelenterata</span></b></a></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Coelenterata dapat berkembang biak secara aseksual dan
seksual. Reproduksi secara aseksual dilakukan dengan membentuk tunas, yang
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Sebagian hermaprodit (sperma dan ovum dihasilkan oleh individu yang sama), tapi
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Perbedaan
antara Coelenterata dengan Ctenophora</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.7pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memiliki nematokist</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.65pt;" valign="top" width="218"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tidak memiliki nematokist kecuali
Euchlora rubra</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memiliki lapisan mesoglea yang
bersifat non seluler seperti agar-agar</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.65pt;" valign="top" width="218"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memiliki lapisan mesoglea yang terdiri
atas serabut-serabut otot dan sel-sel nya tersebar</span></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3. </span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">simetri radial</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.65pt;" valign="top" width="218"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">simetri biradial (radial dan
bilateral)</span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .4in;" valign="top" width="38"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span></b></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.7pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">tidak memiliki stomodeum</span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 163.65pt;" valign="top" width="218"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umumnya mempunyai stomodeum</span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN"><a href="http://www.materi-sma.com/2014/06/penjelasan-ciri-klasifikasi-dan-peranan-coelenterata.html"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> Klasifikasi Coelenterata</span></b></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Coelenterata terdiri dari tiga kelas, yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hydrozoa</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berupa
polip, hanya sebagian kecil yang berbentuk medusa dan hidup berkoloni. Habitat
Hydrozoa di air tawar, sebagian hidup di laut. Biasanya hidup menempel pada
benda yang ada dalam air, misalnya tanaman air. Reproduksi aseksual Hydrozoa
dengan membentuk tunas, adapun reproduksi seksual dengan membentuk sperma dan
ovum. Hydrozoa kebanyakan hermaprodit, meskipun ada yang gonochoris.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contohnya:</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.dr-ralf-wagner.de/Bilder/Hydra_viridis-50x.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://www.dr-ralf-wagner.de/Bilder/Hydra_viridis-50x.jpg" height="150" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hydra viridis</span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hydra viridis (Hydra hijau): hidup
soliter (tidak berkoloni) di air tawar, misalnya kolam atau sungai berarus
tenang.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hydra fusca (Hydra coklat)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hydra attenuate (Hydra bening)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Obelia sp: bentuknya mirip batang
bercabang, merupakan koloni polip (polip vegetatif dan polip
reproduktif). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Polip vegetatif
mempunyai hidroteka, sedangkan Obelia sp polip reproduktif mempunyai selaput
yang disebut gonoteka. Hidup di laut dan mengalami fase medusa. Polip
reproduktif membentuk tunas medusa, kemudian tunas medusa lepas dan tumbuh
menjadi medusa dewasa yang mampu membentuk sperma dan ovum. Jadi, Obelia
mengalami metagenesis (pergantian keturunan) antara bentuk polip dan medusa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 49.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: list 49.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -35.45pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i></b><b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Scyphozoa</span></i></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh
: Aurelia aurita</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.akvarij.net/forum/uploads/Bach/Reznjaci_-_Aurelia_aurita.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://www.akvarij.net/forum/uploads/Bach/Reznjaci_-_Aurelia_aurita.jpg" height="150" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aurelia aurita</span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">karakteristik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.6pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bersifat soliter, bermetagenesis
(mengalami pergiliran keturunan antara fase polip dan fase medusa, fase medusa
lebih menonjol, fase polip mengalami reduksi atau jarang sekali ditemukan).
Bentuknya seperti payung yang tidak begitu cembung, transfaran, berdiameter
berkisar 7,5-30 cm. Dari tengah-tengah permukaan tubuh sebelah bawah terdapat
kerongkongan yang menggantung ke bawah yang disebut manubrium. Di ujung distal
manubrum terdapat lubang mulut. setiap sisi atau sudut mulut dilengkapi tangan
mulut (4 buah). Rongga mulut bersambungan dengan manubrium dan bermuara ke
dalam rongga perut, yang terdiri atas sebuah rongga sentral dan 4 buah kantung
gastrik. Masing-masing kantung gastrik dilengkapi tentakel internal endodermal
lengkap dengan nematokistnya yang dapat digunakan untuk melumpuhkan mangsa.
Dari kantung gastrik akan menjulur saluran mesoglea untuk berhubungan dengan
saluran cincin yang ada di bagian tepi ubur-ubur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem Pencernaan makanan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.55pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem pencernaan makanan Aurelia
aurita terdiri atas pencernaan ekstrasel dan intrasel. Pada pencernaan
ekstrasel, zooplankton yang telah melekat atau terkumpul di bawah tubuh akan
disapu oleh flagel yang selanjutnya akan ditangkap oleh tangan mulut untuk
dimasukkan ke dalam mulut. Bulu-bulu getar yang menghiasi tangan mulut cukup
selektif dalam hal memilih makanan. Bahan makanan kemudian masuk ke dalam
rongga gastrovaskuler melalui manubrium. Di dalam rongga gastrovakuler makanan
yang belum mati akan dilumpuhkan oleh nematokist, selanjutnya makanan di cerna
bentuan enzym yang dihasilkan oleh sel-sel kelenjar. Pada pencernaan Intrasel,
zat-zat makanan yang belum berubah bentuk menjadi molekul-molekul sederhana
akan dicerna lebih lanjut di dalam vakuola makanan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem Pernafasan dan Ekskresi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem pernafasan dan ekskresi
dilakukan secara langsung melalui seluruh permukaan tubuh secara
difusi-osmosis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem Syaraf</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Susunan syaraf terdiri atas :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 28.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jaringan syaraf utama</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jaringan syaraf difus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 7.1pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Delapan buah ganglia rhopalia</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alat Indera</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alat indera terdiri atas : (1)
tentakulokist/rhopalia, berfungsi untuk : indera keseimbangan, dan mengontrol
ritme gerak mengembang kempisnya badan payung pada waktu berenang.(2) Oselli
berfungsi untuk membedakan gelap dan terang, (3) celah olfaktorius, berfungsi
sebagai alat pembau untuk menyeleksi bahan-bahan makanan.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem Reproduksi</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Organ
kelamin terpisah. Proses fertilisasi terjadi di dalam rongga enteron betina.
Zigot yang merupakan hasil peleburan antara ovum dengan spermatozoid selanjutnya
akan dikeluarkan dari dalam tubuh betina melalui mulutnya dan berkembang
menjadi larva berambut getar (planula). Dengan rambut getarnya, planula ini
akan mengembara kemudian mengikatkan diri pada suatu substrat didasar laut,
pada saat itu rambut getarnya lepas dan tumbuh menjadi polip baru yang disebut
skipistoma. Bila telah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>mencapai ukuran
maksimal, skipistoma mengalami strobilasi sehingga terbentuk setumpukan
ruas-ruas yang masing-masing berbentuk seperti cakram. selanjutnya ruas-ruas
strobila yang telah tua, yaitu yang terletak di bagian ujung strobila
melepaskan diri dan berenang bebas untuk hidup mandiri menjadi ubur-ubur
/medusa muda dan selanjutnya menjadi dewasa.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i></b><b><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anthozoa</span></i></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anthozoa
meliputi anemon laut, koral batu, koral tanduk, bulu laut/ pena laut. hewan
yang termasuk golongan ini tidak mempunyai bentuk medusa, semuanya berbentuk
polip. rongga gastrovaskulernya bersekat-sekat, mengandung nematokist. selain
pada sekat ini, nematokist juga terdapat pada tentakel di sekitar mulut.
Reproduksi dilakukan secara generatif (menghasilkan spermatozoid dan ovum,
terjadi pembuahan, larva keluar dari tumbuh induknya dan tumbuh menjadi
anthozoa baru). pengembangbiakan vegetatif dengan pembentukan kuncup. Anthozoa
hidup secara soliter dan ber koloni.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">contoh
: Metridium marginatum</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_4IwHTsRufBg/SwPybx_CRxI/AAAAAAAAAVI/Isw4ivvYAVk/s1600/COEL+11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="150" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_4IwHTsRufBg/SwPybx_CRxI/AAAAAAAAAVI/Isw4ivvYAVk/s1600/COEL+11.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Metridium marginatum</span></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karakteristik</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Matridium hidup di pantai yang
airnya hangat dan jernih, melekatkan diri pada objek tertentu (batu karang,
tumbuhan laut, bekas cangkok gastropoda, menguburkan diri setengah tubuhnya
pada pasir atau lumpur)</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bentuk tubuh silendris terbagi
menjadi 3 bagian utama : (1) cakram pedal (kaki), (2) kolumna/skapus/ batang
tubuh, (3) batang oral (kapitulum) </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sistem pencernaan makanan dimulai
dari mulut/stomodieum (kerongkongan)-rongga gastrovaskuler. Sistem pencernaan
makanan dilakukan secara ekstrasel (mangsa dilumpuhkan oleh nematokist) dan
intrasel. Sistem respirasi dan ekskresi berlangsung secara difusi dan osmosis. Sistem
reproduksi berlangsung secara aseksual dan seksual. Susunan syaraf (syaraf
difus) terdiri atas pleksus epidermal dan oleksus gastrodermal, yang
masing-masing tersusun atas serabut syaraf dan sel ganglion yang besar. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Teori-teori
Terbentuknya Karang</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Karang/coral adalah hewan tak
bertulang belakang (invertebrata), berbentuk polip yang berukuran mikroskopis
yang termasuk dalam filum Coelenterata (hewan berongga) atau ke dalam filum
Cnidaria (hewan yang memiliki cnidoblas/sel penyengat). Sebagai individu karang
atau di sebut polip karang memiliki ukuran yang bervariasi mulai dari yang
sangat kecil 1 mm, hingga yang sangat besar yaitu lebih dari 50 cm. Namun pada
umumnya polip karang berukuran kecil. Polip dengan ukuran besar dijumpai pada
karang yang soliter.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terumbu karang (coral reef)
merupakan kelompok organisme hidup di dasar laut dangkal, terutama di daerah
tropis. Terumbu karang disusun oleh karang-karang kelas Anthozoa, filum
cnideria, coelenterate dan ordo Madreporaria (seleractinia) yang termasuk
karang hermafitik (hermatypic coral) atau jenis-jenis karang yang mampu
menghasilkan bangunan atau kerangka karang dari kalsium karbonat (CaCO3). Hewan
yang termasuk kelas Anthozoa yang berarti berbentuk bunga (Antho=bunga,
zoa=hewan) dalam klasifikasi hewan, karang ternmasuk kelompok besar
Cnidaria/Coelenterata (hewan berongga) seperti ubur-ubur dan anemone laut.
Karang dikelompokkan sebagai karnivora dan pemakan zooplankton (hewan
mikroskopis yang sifat hidupnya terbawa air), seperti larva udang dan larva
noluska.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada dua tipe karang yaitu: karang
yang dapat menghasilkan terumbu (reef) atau membentuk kapur yang disebut karang
hermatifik (hermatifik coral atau reef building corals) dan karang ahermatifik
(ahermatifik corals) yang tidak dapat membentuk terumbu atau bangunan karang.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pertumbuhan batu karang di pantai dapat menahan abrasi
daratan oleh ombak. Selain itu batu karang merupakan tempat perkembangbiakan
biota laut, bahkan pembentuk taman laut yang sangat penting bagi pengembangan
objek wisata bahari. Namun jika pertumbuhannya di laut lepas dapat menyebabkan
pendangkalan air laut yang mengganggu dan membahayakan pelayaran kapal. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 56.7pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penduduk sekitar pantai biasanya memanfaatkan karang laut
sebagai cinderamata, pembuatan taman, atau mengambil batu karang sebagai bahan
bangunan. Sengat yang dihasilkan oleh hewan Hydrozoa mengganggu kenyamanan dan
keamanan para penyelam.</span></div>
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Tubuh serangga terdiri atas tiga tagmata, yaitu : kepala, thoraks dan
abdomen. Kepala memiliki empat pasang embelan, yang pertama adalah antena yang berasal
dari bagian praoral kepala, yang berikutnya berturut-turut adalah mandibula,
maksila pertama dan maksila kedua. Mandibula tampak sebagai struktur tunggal,
sedangkan kedua pasang maksila memiliki juluran bersendi-sendi yang disebut
palpi. Pangkal maksila kedua berfungsi membentuk struktur yang disebut labium
atau bibir bawah, dan palpinya disebut palpi labialis. Labrum atau bibir atas
yang terletak didepan mulut dan bersendi kesuatu bagian kepala yang disebut
klipeus, tidak berasal dari embelan. Struktur lain yang juga tidak ada
kaitannya dengan embelan adalah hipofarings yang merupakan juluran persis di
belakang mulut.</div>
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Toraks
terdiri atas ruas-ruas yang biasanya disebut protoraks, mesotoraks dan
metatoraks, masing-masing memiliki kaki, jika sayap ada letaknya di ruas kedua
dan ketiga toraks. Kaki serangga, sebagaimana arthropoda lain, juga terdiri
atas beberapa ruas yang terpisah-pisah oleh sendi-sendi. Ruas paling pangkal
adalah <b>koksa</b>, diikuti oleh <b>trokanter, femeur, tibia dan tarsus.</b> </div>
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Abdomen
pada dasarnya mempunyai 11 ruas, secara umum ruas abdomen berbeda dari ruas
thoraks. Ruas abdomen ke 10 kadang-kadang memiliki embelan <b>serkus</b>.</div>
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Insecta
atau serangga disebut juga Hexapoda merupakan kelas yang terbesar di dalam
Arthropoda, beranggotakan kurang lebih 675.000 spesies yang tersebar di semua
penjuru dunia. Merupakan invertebrata yang hidup ditempat yang kering dan dapat
terbang. Adanya sistem trachea insecta dapat bernafas diudara. Kemampuan
terbang menolong insecta dalam mencari makan, bertemu dengan jenis kelamin
lain, menghindarkan diri dari tangkapan musuh. Siklus hidup yang pendek
menyebabkan berkembang biaknya cepat sekali pada keadaan yang menguntungkan.
Habitat insecta disemua tempat, kecuali dilaut. Sebagian hidup di dalam air tawar,
tanah lumpur, parasit pada macam-macam tumbuhan atau hewan lainnya. Makanan
insecta bermacam-macam, misalnya bagian tanaman yang berupa akar, batang, daun,
buah-buahan, biji, butir tepung sari dari tanaman. Cabang ilmu yang mempelajari
insecta adalah <i>Entomology</i>.</div>
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Peranan
yang menguntungkan dari Insecta ialah : Penyerbukan, bahan makanan, sumber
material, penggunaan medis, nilai estetika.</div>
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Peranan yang merugikan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dari
Insecta ialah : Hewan parasit, penular penyakit, hewan perusak tanaman, hewan
pengganggu.</div>
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Pada kelas Insecta mempunyai 3 subkelas yaitu : Apterygota, Exopterygota
dan Endopterygota. Perbedaan dari 3 sub kelas itu adalah : Pada Apterygota
tidak memiliki sayap, sedangkan pada Exopterygota dan Endopterygota mempunyai
sayap. Pda jenis Insecta yaitu semut dia mempunyai tipe mulut yang penjilat dan
mempunyai 3 pasang kaki.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Ciri-ciri
khusus dari insecta ialah :</div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tubuh terdiri dari caput, thorax dan abdomen. Pada
caput terdapat antena, mata dan mulut dengan bagian-bagiannya. Thorax terdiri
atas 3 pasang kaki yang beruas-ruas, dan dua atau sepasang sayap, abdomen
terdiri atas kurang lebih sebelas buku dengan beberapa bagian terminal,
misalnya genital.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Alat pencernaan terdiri atas : bagian muka, bagian
tengah dan bagian belakang, mulut mempunyai kelenjar ludah.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Jantung berbentuk gilik dan mempunyai anterior aorta,
tapi tidak memiliki pembuluh darah kapiler dan vena ; coelom teredusir menjadi
haemocoel.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Respirasinya dengan sistem trachea yang berupa saluran
yang berdinding gelang kutikula dan bercabang-cabang sehingga sampai pada semua
bagian tubuh sebelah dalam. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Alat ekskresi terdiri dari dua atau lebih badan yang
terbentuk tabung yang disebut badan malphigi. Bagian anterior badan ini
menempel pada bagian belakang alat pencernaan makanan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sistem syarafnya tangga tali yang terdiri atas
ganglion-ganglion pada tiap-tiap ruas.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Seks terpisah yakni ada individu jantan dan betina.
Pembuahan terjadi didalam tubuh; ova banyak mengandung yolk dan pada fase
terakhir akan terbungkus oleh cangkok.</div>
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Berikut sebagian hewan yang termasuk ke dalam kelas insecta </div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kupu-kupu ( <span class="binomial"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Appias libythea olferna</span></i></span><i> </i>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi
</b></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kingdom<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Animalia</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Phylum<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Arthropoda</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Classis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Insecta</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ordo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lepidoptera</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Familia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Pieridae</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Genus<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Appias</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Species<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span class="binomial"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Appias
libythea olferna</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sumber<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: (Swinhoe, 1890<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">)</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kupu-kupu ini
termasuk kedalam Sub ordo Rhopalocera dan famili </span>Pieridae<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> karena mulut mempunyai proboscis siphon, antena
membesar pada ujung. Tidak mempunyai ocelli. Pembuluh darah tidak sama antara
sayap muka dengan sayap belakang. Pada waktu istirahat sayap tertutup vertikal
di atas tubuh; Diurnal (mencari makan pada siang hari), kupu-kupu pada jenis
ini mempunyai ukuran tubuh antara 125 mm. Kupu-kupu ini juga mempunyai warna
yang menyolok. Juga mempunyai ekor yang terjulur ke belakang yang terletak di
antara sayap. Kupu-kupu mempunyai sayap yang besar bersisik dan membentuk pola
warna. Terdapat antena yang panjang pada bagian kepala, bervariasi, seperti
pemukul, berbulu dan sebagainya. Antena tergulung rapi di bawah kepala. Alat
mulut untuk mengisap, biasanya tidak ada mandibula. Maksila bersatu membentuk
proboscis. Kaki sama, biasanya tarsi beruas lima. Metamorfosis kupu-kupu adalah
metamorfosis sempurna, larvanya berupa ulat dengan alat mulut untuk menggigit,
dengan 2 kelenjar sutera untuk membuat kokon. </span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.95pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kupu-kupu</span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">serangga</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> yang tergolong ke dalam ordo </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidoptera" title="Lepidoptera"><i><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lepidoptera</span></i></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">, atau 'serangga bersayap sisik' (<i>lepis</i>,
sisik dan <i>pteron</i>, sayap). Kupu-kupu umumnya aktif di waktu siang (<i>diurnal</i>).
Kupu-kupu beristirahat atau hinggap dengan menegakkan sayapnya biasanya
memiliki warna yang indah cemerlang . Kupu-kupu umumnya hidup dengan mengisap
madu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunga" title="Bunga"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">bunga</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> (nektar/ sari kembang). Akan tetapi beberapa
jenisnya menyukai cairan yang diisap dari buah-buahan yang jatuh di tanah dan
membusuk, daging bangkai, kotoran burung, dan tanah basah.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 19.95pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Berbeda dengan kupu-kupu, ulat hidup
terutama dengan memakan daun-daunan. Ulat-ulat ini sangat rakus, akan tetapi
umumnya masing-masing jenis ulat berspesialisasi memakan daun dari jenis-jenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">tumbuhan</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> yang tertentu saja. Sehingga kehadiran suatu jenis kupu-kupu di suatu
tempat, juga ditentukan oleh ketersediaan tumbuhan yang menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inang" title="Inang"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">inang</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> dari ulatnya.</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kupu-kupu dan ngengat dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hewan_penyerbuk&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hewan penyerbuk (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">hewan penyerbuk</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">, yang membantu bunga-bunga berkembang menjadi
buah. Sehingga bagi petani, dan orang pada umumnya, kupu-kupu ini sangat
bermanfaat.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Semut Merah ( <i>Oecophylla </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sp. )</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klasifikasi </span></b></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kingdom<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Animalia</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span>Phylum<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Arthropoda</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Classis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Insecta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ordo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hymenoptera</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Familia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Formicidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Genus<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Oecophylla</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Species<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Oecophylla</i> sp </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Sumber<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: (</span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Maskoeri,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>1987)</span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Semut ini
termasuk ke dalam genus Oecophylla karena memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut :
memiliki warna merah kehitaman (Orange dengan abdomen bergaris kehitaman) dan
memiliki ukuran tubuh panjang 1-2 cm yang dilengkapi dengan protonom yang
melebar. Tubuh dari jenis ini terbagi menjadi tiga bagian, </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">yaitu kepala, thorax dan
abdomen. Bentuk abdomen bulat 4 segmen dan bentuk mulut runcing serta memiliki
tipe mulut penghisap dan penggigit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Pada bagian
kepala terdapat sepasang antenna yang variable dan matasitor dan mulut. Mulut
berfungsi sebagai alat untuk mengunyah dan menjilat. Metamorfosis pada jenis
ini adalah metamorfosis yang sempurna.. Makanan dari jenis ini sebagian besar
adalah berasal dari insecta kecil lainnya, dan juga nektar. </span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Biasanya orang Indonesia menyebut semut
ini sebagai semut karerangga atau semut rang-rang, karena biasanya membangun
sarang di daun-daun pohon.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 19.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 16.05pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Semut</span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> adalah serangga eusosial yang berasal
dari keluarga <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Formisidae</span>, dan
semut termasuk dalam ordo Himenoptera bersama dengan lebah dan tawon. Semut
terbagi atas lebih dari 12.000 kelompok, dengan perbandingan jumlah yang besar
di kawasan tropis. Semut dikenal dengan koloni dan sarang-sarangnya yang
teratur, yang terkadang terdiri dari ribuan semut per koloni. Jenis semut
dibagi menjadi semut pekerja, semut pejantan, dan ratu semut. Satu koloni dapat
menguasai dan memakai sebuah daerah luas untuk mendukung kegiatan mereka. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koloni_semut&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Koloni semut (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Koloni semut</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">
kadangkala disebut superorganisme dikarenakan koloni-koloni mereka yang
membentuk sebuah kesatuan.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 19.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 54.15pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tubuh semut terdiri atas tiga bagian,
yaitu kepala, mesosoma (dada), dan metasoma (perut). Morfologi semut cukup
jelas dibandingkan dengan serangga lain yang juga memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">antena</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kelenjar_metapleural&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kelenjar metapleural (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">kelenjar metapleural</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">, dan bagian perut kedua yang berhubungan ke
tangkai semut membentuk pinggang sempit (pedunkel) di antara mesosoma (bagian
rongga dada dan daerah perut) dan metasoma (perut yang kurang abdominal segmen
dalam petiole). Petiole yang dapat dibentuk oleh satu atau dua node (hanya yang
kedua, atau yang kedua dan ketiga abdominal segmen ini bisa terwujud).</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 19.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 54.15pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tubuh semut, seperti serangga lainnya,
memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eksoskeleton&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Eksoskeleton (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">eksoskeleton</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> atau
kerangka luar yang memberikan perlindungan dan juga sebagai tempat menempelnya
otot, berbeda dengan kerangka manusia dan hewan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bertulang_belakang&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bertulang belakang (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">bertulang belakang</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">. Serangga tidak memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paru-paru" title="Paru-paru"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">paru-paru</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">, tetapi mereka memiliki lubang-lubang pernapasan
di bagian dada bernama </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spirakel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spirakel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">spirakel</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> untuk
sirkulasi udara dalam sistem respirasi mereka. Serangga juga tidak memiliki
sistem peredaran darah tertutup. Sebagai gantinya, mereka memiliki saluran
berbentuk panjang dan tipis di sepanjang bagian atas tubuhnya yang disebut
"aorta punggung" yang fungsinya mirip dengan jantung. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_saraf" title="Sistem saraf">sistem
saraf</a> semut terdiri dari sebuah semacam otot saraf ventral yang berada di
sepanjang tubuhnya, dengan beberapa buah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ganglion&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ganglion (halaman belum tersedia)">ganglion</a> dan cabang yang berhubungan
dengan setiap bagian dalam tubuhnya.</div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 19.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 54.15pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Pada kepala semut terdapat banyak organ
sensor. Semut, layaknya serangga lainnya, memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mata_majemuk&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mata majemuk (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">mata majemuk</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> yang
terdiri dari kumpulan lensa mata yang lebih kecil dan tergabung untuk
mendeteksi gerakan dengan sangat baik. Mereka juga punya tiga oselus di bagian
puncak kepalanya untuk mendeteksi perubahan cahaya dan polarisasi. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semut#cite_note-7"><sup><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">[8]</span></sup></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> Kebanyakan semut umumnya memiliki penglihatan
yang buruk, bahkan beberapa jenis dari mereka buta. Namun, beberapa spesies
semut, semisal semut bulldog Australia, memiliki penglihatan yang baik. Pada
kepalanya juga terdapat sepasang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena" title="Antena"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">antena</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> yang membantu semut mendeteksi rangsangan kimiawi. Antena semut juga
digunakan untuk berkomunikasi satu sama lain dan mendeteksi feromon yang
dikeluarkan oleh semut lain. Selain itu, antena semut juga berguna sebagai alat
peraba untuk mendeteksi segala sesuatu yang berada di depannya. Pada bagian
depan kepala semut juga terdapat sepasang rahang atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandibula&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mandibula (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">mandibula</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> yang
digunakan untuk membawa makanan, memanipulasi objek, membangun sarang, dan
untuk pertahanan. Pada beberapa spesies, di bagian dalam mulutnya terdapat
semacam kantung kecil untuk menyimpan makanan untuk sementara waktu sebelum
dipindahkan ke semut lain atau larvanya.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 19.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 54.15pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Di bagian dada semut terdapat tiga pasang
kaki dan di ujung setiap kakinya terdapat semacam cakar kecil yang membantunya
memanjat dan berpijak pada permukaan. Sebagian besar semut jantan dan betina
calon ratu memiliki sayap. Namun, setelah kawin betina akan menanggalkan
sayapnya dan menjadi ratu semut yang tidak bersayap. Semut pekerja dan prajurit
tidak memiliki sayap.</span></div>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 19.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 54.15pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Di bagian metasoma (perut) semut terdapat
banyak organ dalam yang penting, termasuk organ reproduksi. Beberapa spesies
semut juga memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sengat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sengat (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">sengat</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> yang terhubung
dengan semacam kelenjar beracun untuk melumpuhkan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangsa" title="Mangsa"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">mangsa</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> dan melindungi sarangnya. Spesies semut seperti [[<i>Formica yessensis</i>]]
memiliki kelenjar penghasil </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_format" title="Asam format"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">asam semut</span></a><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> yang bisa disemprotkan ke arah musuh untuk
pertahanan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 49.05pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Semut Hitam ( <i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Camponotus carnelinus</span> )</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 45.0pt .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi
</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kingdom<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Animalia</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Phylum<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Arthropoda</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Classis<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Insecta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ordo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hymenoptera</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Familia<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Formicidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Genus<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Camponotus </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Species<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camponotus carnelius</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 27.0pt .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sumber<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: (<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Hegner, 1968)</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
Semut ini termasuk kedalam genus Camponotus karena
memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut : memiliki warna hitam dan coklat memiliki
ukuran tubuh panjang 0,2 - 0,3 cm, tubuh berwarna hitam pekat, bentuk abdomen
lonjong dan bulat tumpul, memiliki bentuk mulut yang bulat serta memiliki tipe
mulut penghisap.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Tubuh dari
jenis ini terdiri atas tiga bagian, yaitu kepala, thorax dan abdomen. Pada
bagian kepala terdapat sepasang antenna yang variable dan matasitor dan mulut.
Mulut berfungsi dari jenis ini berfungsi sebagai alat untuk mengunyah dan
menjilat. </span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Makanan dari jenis
ini sisa-sisa zat yang telah mati dan dengan menghisap sar-sari madu dari
tanaman.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Belalang ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Disostoria carolina </span></i><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klasifikasi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Animalia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Arthropoda</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Class<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Insecta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Orthoptera</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Locuctidae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Disosteria</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Disosteria carolina</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Maskoeri, 1987)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Disosteria carolina</span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">
tubuhnya terbagi menjadi tiga bagian yaitu bagian Cephal, Toraks dan Abdomen.
Cephalnya tersusun atas enam buku yang menjadi satu, thoraks dari belalang ini
tersusun atas tiga buku dengan kaki dan sayap.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sedangkan untuk abdomennya panjang tersusun atas beberapa buku. Hewan
ini<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tubuhnya terbungkus oleh
ekso-skeleton yang melindungi organ lunak di sebelah dalam. Pada bagian cephal
atau kepala belalang terdapat antena yang tersusun atas buku-buku dan
mengandung bulu-bulu sensoris, mata faset (tersusun atas ommatidia) yang
terletak di sebelah lateral dan juga terdapat tiga mata sederhana yang di sebut
ocelli. Bagian kepalanya tersusun dari kapsul, yang bagian dorsal di sebut
vertex, bagian lateral genae, dan anterior frons.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Type mulut dari spesies ini yaitu type mandibularis/penggigit yang terdiri
dari : (a) Bibir atas/labrum; (b) Lidah; (c) Mandibula; (d) Maxillae; (e) Bibir
bawah/labium. Pada bagian thoraks terdiri atas tiga bagian utama, bagian
anterior yang besar yang di sebut prothoraks, bagian tengah yang disebut
mesothoraks, dan bagian belakang yang disebut metathoraks. Pada tiap-tiap
bukunya terdpat sepasang kaki yang kuat dan pada mesothoraks terdapat sayap.
Bagian abdomennya terdiri dari 11 buku, dan buku bagian belakangnya mengalami
modifikasi sehubungan dengan keperluan untuk mengadakan kopulasi dan pelekatan
telur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 49.05pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Capung ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">Libellula </span></i><span lang="FI" style="mso-ansi-language: FI;">sp.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Klasifikasi</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Animalia</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Arthropoda</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Class<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Insecta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Orthoptera</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Blattidae</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Libellula</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Libellula
sp</i></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Maskoeri, 1987)</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tubuh pada <i>Libellula
</i>sp berbentuk memanjang. Pada bagian kepala dapat digerakkan dengan bebas
dan pada bagian kepala terdapat sepasang mata besar yang terdiri dari 30.000
ommatidia. Pada bagian toraks terdapat dua pasang sayap membran yang memanjang
tidak berlipat dan pada bagian sayap ini banyak mengandung vena melintang yang
kompleks. Pada sayap belakang besar sebelah belakang (dasar).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kaki pada
spesies ini ada 3 pasang, bentuk kakinya kecil dan tarsi beruas tiga tak ada
tersi. Kaki ini dipergunakan untuk menangkap insecta lainnya hanya pada waktu
terbang tidak untuk berjalan. Alat mulut pada capung ini bertipe menggigit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Metamorfosis
dari capung lurik ini tidak sempurna, nimfa akuatis, pada capung lurik yang
dewasa dapat terbang dengan kuat. Tubuhnya memiliki warna yang jelas.
Perkembangbiakan dapat terjadi di udara, sedangkan telurnya di tanah atau di
air atau dapat juga di tanam di dalam air. Larvanya biasa hidup dalam air.</span></div>
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-85146409172448901752015-06-26T21:24:00.001-07:002015-06-26T21:28:00.354-07:00ANNELIDA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<h2>
<span lang="IN">Pengertian Annelida</span></h2>
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<span lang="IN"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Annelida adalah cacing gelang dengan tubuh yang terdiri atas
segmen-segmen dengan berbagai sistem organ tubuh yang baik dengan sistem
peredaran darah tertutup. Annelida sebagian besar memiliki dua kelamin
sekaligus dalam satu tubuh atau hermafrodit. Contohnya yakni cacing tanah,
cacing pasir, cacing kipas, lintah /leeches.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="background: white; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Annelida berasal dari kata annulus yang berarti cincin dan
oidos yang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
<span style="background: white;">berarti bentuk. Dari namanya, Annelida dapat
disebut sebagai cacing yang</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">bentuk tubuhnya bergelang-gelang atau disebut
juga cacing gelang. Annelida</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">dapat hidup di berbagai tempat, baik di air
tawar, air laut, atau daratan.</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Umumnya hidup bebas, meskipun ada juga yang
bersifat parasit. Cacing ini</span><br />
<span style="background: white;">Filum Annelida terdiri dari cacing berbuku-buku
seperti cacing tanah. Perkembangan buku-buku badan ini memungkinkan adanya
pembentukan fungsi yang berbeda dalam ruas badan (segmentasi) yang berbeda.
Annelida memiliki coelom yang besar untuk mengakomodasi organ dalam yang lebih
kompleks. Terdapat sekitar 12,000 jenis di laut, air tawar dan daratan, terbagi
menjadi tiga kelas.</span></span></div>
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<h2>
<span lang="IN" style="background: white;">Ciri-Ciri Umum Annelida</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Annelida adalah hewan triploblastik yang sudah mempunyai rongga sejati
sehingga disebut triploblastik selomata. Annelida memiliki sistem peredaran
darah tertutup, dengan pembuluh darah memanjang sepanjang tubuhnya serta
bercabang-cabang di setiap segmen. Annelida mempunyai bentuk tubuh simetri
bilateral, dengan tubuh beruas-ruas dan dilapisi lapisan kutikula. Cacing ini
terbagi sesuai dengan ruas-ruas tubuhnya dan satu sama lain dibatasi dengan
sekat (septum). Meskipun demikian, antara ruas satu dan lainnya tetap
berhubungan sehingga terlihat bentuk seperti cincin yang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span style="color: black;">terkoordinasi. Sistem saraf annelida terdiri dari sebuah
otak yang terhubung dengan serabut saraf ventral, dengan sebuah ganglion di
setiap segmen. Annelida memiliki sistem pencernaan yang lengkap termasuk
faring, lambung, usus, dan kelenjar pencernaan.</span> <span style="color: black;">Pengeluaran
dengan nefridia di setiap segmen mengumpulkan zat sampah dari coelom dan
mengekskresikannya keluar tubuh.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bilateral simetris, tripoblastik selomata,
namun paling sederhana dibanding dengan hewan tripoblastik selomata lainnya,
memiliki panjang tubuh sekitar 1 mm hingga 3 m seperti cacing tanah dari
australia (<i>Digaster longmani</i>), memiliki segmen di bagian luar dan dalam
tubuhnya. Antara satu segmen dengan segmen lainya terdapat sekat
yang disebut <b>septa </b>yang bersifat <b>metameri</b> (tiap ruas
memiliki sistem organ yang lengkap: misal peredaran darah, ekskresi dan
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tersusun oleh suatu struktur yang disebut <b>nefridium</b>, sistem saraf tangga
tali, meliliki sistem peredaran darah tertutup, alat pencernaan sudah sempurna,
belum memiliki alat respirasi, oksigen berdifusi langsung ke dalam tubuh
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<h2>
<span lang="IN">Klasifikasi</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span class="fullpost"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Berdasarkan
jumlah seta Annelida dibagi menjadi tiga kelas, yaitu:</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br />
<span class="fullpost">1. Polychaeta (cacing berambut banyak), </span><br />
<span class="fullpost">2. Oligochaeta (cacing berambut sedikit),</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">3. Hirudinea.</span></span></div>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc413676660"><span lang="IN">a. </span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc413676660;"><span lang="IN" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Polychaeta</span></span><span lang="IN" style="background: white; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<span lang="IN"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span class="fullpost"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Polychaeta
(dalam bahasa yunani, <b>poly = banyak</b>, <b>chaetae = rambut kaku</b>)</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span class="fullpost">dibedakan menjadi daerah kepala (prostomium)
dengan mata, antena, dan <b>sensor palpus.</b></span> <span class="fullpost">memiliki sepasang struktur seperti dayung yang disebut <b>parapodia</b>
(tunggal = parapodium) pada setiap segmen tubuhnya.Fungsi parapodia adalah
sebagai alat gerak dan mengandung pembuluh darah halus sehingga dapat
berfungsi juga seperti insang untuk bernapas.</span> <span class="fullpost">Setiap
parapodium memiliki rambut kaku yang disebut seta yang tersusun dari
kitin.</span></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kebanyakan Polychaeta hidup di laut serta memiliki parapodia dan setae.
Parapodia adalah kaki seperti dayung (sirip) digunakan untuk berenang sekaligus
bertindak sebagai alat pernafasan. Setae adalah bulu-bulu yang melekat pada
parapodia, yang membantu</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> <span style="color: black;">polychaeta
melekat pada substrat dan juga membantu mereka bergerak. Cacing kerang, seperti
<i>Nereis</i> adalah pemangsa yang aktif. Banyak yang memiliki kepala yang
berkembang baik, dengan rahang bagus, mata dan organ peraba lainnya.</span></span></div>
<br />
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</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span class="fullpost"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Contoh Polychaeta:</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br />
<span class="fullpost">
a. Hidup Sesil (menempel)</span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.wetwebmedia.com/WormPIX/PolychaeteWormPIX/Featherdusters/Sabellastarte%20indica%20RobBKBR.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://www.wetwebmedia.com/WormPIX/PolychaeteWormPIX/Featherdusters/Sabellastarte%20indica%20RobBKBR.JPG" height="212" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span class="fullpost"><i>Sabellastarte indica</i></span></span></span></td></tr>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span class="fullpost"> </span><br />
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- <i>Sabellastarte indica</i> (cacing kipas) berwarna cerah.</span></span></div>
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<span style="height: 214px; margin-left: 341px; margin-top: 122px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 265px; z-index: 2;"></span><span style="height: 214px; margin-left: 62px; margin-top: 122px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 258px; z-index: 1;"></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br />
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b. Bergerak Bebas </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span class="fullpost"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://biologiklaten.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/wawo1.png?w=584" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://biologiklaten.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/wawo1.png?w=584" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span class="fullpost"><i>Lysidice oele</i></span></span> </td></tr>
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<span class="fullpost">
- <i>Nereis virens</i>, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- <i>Arenicola marina</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- <i>Lysidice oele</i>(cacing wawo).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="fullpost">
- <i>Marphysa sanguinea</i>, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- <i>Eunice
viridis</i>(cacing palolo) </span></span></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc413676663"><span lang="IN">b. </span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc413676663;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Oligochaeta</span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br />
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_MWS/0803/320/Lumbricus_terrestris,I_MWS80320.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://www.discoverlife.org/IM/I_MWS/0803/320/Lumbricus_terrestris,I_MWS80320.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><i>Lumbricus
terrestris</i> </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam bahasa yunani,
oligo = sedikit, chaetae = rambut kaku tidak memiliki parapodia, namun memiliki
seta pada tubuhnya yang bersegmen. <b>Contoh: Oligochaeta </b><i>Lumbricus
terrestris</i> (cacing tanah Amerika), <i>Pheretima</i> (cacing tanah
Asia), kedua cacing tersebut dilihat dari strukturnya susah dibedakan, tetapi
ukuran cacing tanah asia (lokal) lebih kecil dibanding dengan cacing tanah
Amerika. <i>Tubifex</i> <i>tubifex</i> (cacing merah/cacing sutra/cacing
rambut) hidup dengan membentuk koloni di perairan jernih yang kaya bahan
organik. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cacing ini meiliki 57%
protein dan 13% lemak dalam tubuhnya. berkembang biak lewat telur secara
eksternal. Telur yang dibuahi oleh jantan akan membelah menjadi dua
sebelum menetas. <i>Digaster longmani</i> (cacing tanah raksasa
Australia).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Oligochaeta contohnya adalah cacing tanah, yang cenderung memiliki sedikit
setae yang bergerombol secara langsung dari tubuhnya. Cacing tanah memiliki
kepala atau parapodia yang kurang berkembang. Pergerakannya dengan gerak terkoordinasi
dari otot-otot tubuh dibantu dengan setae.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Cacing tanah tinggal dalam tanah lembab, karena badan yang lembab digunakan
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sisa-sisa bahan organik dari tanah yang dimakan. Faring berotot menarik makanan
ke mulut, makanan yang sudah dicerna disimpan di tembolok lalu ke rempela.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sistem pembuangan
(ekskresi) berupa tabung nephridia bergelung di setiap segmen dengan dua
lubang; satu corong bersilia yang mengumpulkan cairan coelom, dan satu lainnya
adalah lubang keluar tubuh. Antar dua lubang itu, tabung nephridia membuang zat
sampah dari saluran peredaran darah.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Darah merah bergerak ke
arah dengan sebuah pembuluh darah dorsal dan dipompa oleh lima pasang jantung
(lengkung aorta) menuju pembuluh ventral. Cacing tanah bersifat hermaphrodit,
memilliki testis dengan saluran semen, dan ovarium dengan penerima semen.
Perkawinan dilakukan dengan melibatkan dua cacing yang saling parallel dalam
posisi berlawanan dan saling bertukar sperma. Setiap cacing memiliki klitellum
yang mengeluarkan lendir, untuk melindungi sperma dan telur dari kekeringan.</span></div>
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<a href="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQAoBvMgf-hZ0WV7WGQhjEyCoTd-Z0McWjNgiZN6TUobptXu724Wg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Toc413676664"><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">c. </span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc413676664;"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hirudinea</span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></h3>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQAoBvMgf-hZ0WV7WGQhjEyCoTd-Z0McWjNgiZN6TUobptXu724Wg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQAoBvMgf-hZ0WV7WGQhjEyCoTd-Z0McWjNgiZN6TUobptXu724Wg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span class="fullpost"><i>Hirudo medicinalis</i></span></span></td></tr>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span class="fullpost"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kelas annelida
dengan jenis yang paling sedikit.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> <span class="fullpost">Tidak memiliki parapodium maupun seta pada segmen tubuhnya,
panjang bervariasi dari 1 – 30 cm, tubuhnya pipih dengan ujung anterior dan
posterior yang meruncing pada anterior dan posterior terdapat alat
pengisap yang digunakan untuk menempel dan bergerak.</span> <span class="fullpost">Ada yang bersifat ektoparasit pada permukaan tubuh
inangnya yang berupa hewan vertebrata termasuk manusia dengan
mengisap</span> <span class="fullpost">darah inangnya ada yang hidup bebas
dengan memangsa invertebrata kecil seperti</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">siput.</span> <span class="fullpost">Contoh Hirudinea
parasit <i>Haemadipsa </i>(pacet), hidup di rawa-rawa dan di hutan
basah <i>Hirudo medicinalis</i>(lintah).</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Saat merobek atau membuat lubang, lintah
mengeluarkan zat anestetik (penghilang sakit), sehingga korbannya tidak
menyadari adanya gigitan.Setelah ada lubang, lintah akan mengeluarkan zat
anti pembekuan darah (hirudin).</span> <span class="fullpost">Dengan zat
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<span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelas Hirudinea contohnya lintah. Kebanyakan tinggal di air tawar, tetapi
ada yang di laut atau daratan. Setiap gelang tubuh memiliki beberapa alur
mendatar. Lintah memunculkan pengisap anterior kecil sekitar mulutnya dan
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yang hidup bebas, kebanyakan adalah pemakan cairan. Pengisap darah dapat
mencegah penggumpalan darah dengan zat hirudin yang dikeluarkan dari ludah.</span></div>
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<h3 style="margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 148.85pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pengertian Nematoda</span></h3>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kata Nematoda berasal dari bahasa
Yunani, yaitu nematos yang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>berarti
benang atau tambang. Cacing ini berukuran kecil (mm) sampai satu meter atau
lebih, telur mikroskopis. Di antara semua hewan yang paling tersebar luas,
cacing gilig (nematoda) ditemukan pada sebagian besar habitat akuatik, di dalam
tanah lembab, di dalam jaringan lembab tumbuhan, dan di dalam cairan tubuh dan
jaringan hewan. Sekitar 90.000 spesies kelas ini telah diketahui, dan yang
sebenarnya ada mungkin mencapai sepuluh kali jumlah tersebut.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Pada Nematoda telah ditemukan otot
di sebelah luar selom dan bukan sel-sel epitel. Disini tidak ada silia sama
sekali. Nematoda yang hidup mandiri mempunyai mulut yang majemuk dan beberapa
alat perasa dan mata. Cacing yang hidup parasit, struktur tubuhnya lebih
sederhana. Tubuhnya tertutup oleh kutikula, dan biasanya kedua ujung tubuhnya
meruncing. Nematoda memiliki pencernaan yang sempurna. Mereka tidak memiliki
sistem sirkulasi, tetapi nutrient diangkut ke seluruh tubuh melalui cairan
dalam pseudoselom. Otot nematode semuanya longitudinal, dan kontraksinya
menghasilkan gerakan mendera.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Reproduksi nematoda umumnya adalah
secara seksual. Jenis kelamin umumnya terpisah pada sebagian besar spesies, dan
betina umumnya berukuran lebih besar dibandingkan dengan jantan. Fertilisasi
terjadi secara internal, dan seekor betina dapat meletakan 100.000 atau lebih
telur yang dibuahi per hari. Zigot sebagian besar<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>spesies adalah sel resisten yang mampu
bertahan hidup pada lingkungan yang tidak bersahabat.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Karakteristik
Nematoda:</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1)
Bilateral simetris, triploblastik, pseudoselomatik, tidak bersegmen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2)
Tubuh ramping silindris, ditutupi oleh kutikula yang kuat.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3)
Saluran pencernaan lengkap, bentuk lurus (tabunag) dimulai mulut sampai anus.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4)
Tubuh dilengkapi serabut otot longitudinal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5) Tidak
mempunyai alat respirasi, sirkulasi, dan alat ekskresi sederhgana.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>6) Memiliki
cincinsaraf yang mengelilingi esophagus, 6 saraf anteriror, 6 atau lebih
saraf<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>posterior.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 28.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.05pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">7) Jenis
kelamin terpisah, jantan lebih kecil dari betina. Gonad bersambungan dengan <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>saluran reproduksi, fertilisasi internal,
telur kecil ditutupi oleh kitin. Perkembangan langsung, tidak ada reproduksi
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<h3>
<span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Perbedaan antara Annelida dan Nematoda</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Annelida
adalah filum besar yang terdiri cacing tersegmentasi, cacing kain, cacing
tanah, dan lintah gangguan. Ada lebih dari 17.000 spesies yang masih ada dari
Annelida saat. Biasanya, mereka hidup di air tawar atau air asin serta sekitar
lingkungan darat lembab. Tubuh seorang Annelida memanjang dengan segmentasi
telah terjadi secara eksternal melalui konstriksi cincin seperti. Konstriksi
ini disebut sebagai annuli, dan mereka secara internal tersegmentasi atau
dipartisi melalui septa di tempat yang sama seperti annuli tersebut. Segmentasi
mereka dapat dianggap sebagai tanda pertama dari diferensiasi bagian-bagian
tubuh dalam fungsi yang berbeda. Annelida mengeluarkan kutikula mereka dari
sel-sel kulit, dan kutikula terdiri dari kolagen tetapi tidak sesulit seperti
di banyak invertebrata lainnya. Banyak ilmuwan percaya bahwa mereka memiliki
kapiler untuk mengambil darah melalui organ, dan itu adalah sistem peredaran
darah tertutup di Annelida. Mereka biasanya tidak rontok kutikula mereka,
tetapi beberapa spesies berganti kulit mereka (lintah) atau rahang
(polychaetes). Rongga tubuh mereka coelom tetapi beberapa spesies Annelida
tidak memiliki coelom dan beberapa memilikinya di tempat yang sangat kecil.
Coelom sejati mereka dipagari dengan jaringan mesodermal, dan ini adalah contoh
pertama dalam urutan evolusi di mana coelom tubuh sejati ditemukan. Kehadiran
parapodia di Annalids merupakan adaptasi yang sangat baik untuk bergerak di
lingkungan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nematoda,
para anggota Filum: Nematoda, juga dikenal sebagai Putaran cacing. Ada sekitar
satu juta spesies nematoda menurut beberapa estimasi, dan sudah ada 28.000
telah dijelaskan. Mayoritas Nematoda (16.000 spesies) yang parasit, dan itu
adalah alasan untuk ketenaran tentang cacing bulat. Anggota terbesar dari filum
sekitar lima sentimeter panjang, tetapi panjang rata-rata sekitar 2,5
milimeter. Spesies terkecil tidak dapat diamati kecuali ada bantuan mikroskop.
Nematoda memiliki sistem pencernaan lengkap dengan mulut di salah satu ujung
tubuh sementara anus yang terletak di ujung lain. Mulut dilengkapi dengan tiga
bibir, tapi kadang-kadang jumlah bibir bisa enam, juga. Mereka tidak
tersegmentasi cacing, tapi anterior dan posterior ujungnya meruncing atau
menyempit. Namun, ada beberapa ornamen yaitu. kutil, bulu, cincin, dan struktur
kecil lainnya. Rongga tubuh Nematoda adalah coelom semu, yang dilapisi dengan
mesodermal dan sel endodermal lapisan. The cephalisation atau pembentukan
kepala menjadi khas dari bagian tubuh lainnya tidak menonjol di antara
Nematoda, tetapi mereka memiliki kepala dengan pusat-pusat saraf. Spesies
parasit ini terutama mengembangkan beberapa saraf bulu untuk merasakan
lingkungan yang mereka tinggal.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jadi, secara sederhana Annelida dan Nematoda dapat
dibedakan sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Nematoda
lebih beragam daripada Annelida.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Annelida
memiliki tubuh yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Nematoda.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Annelida
telah tersegmentasi tubuh tanpa ujung meruncing, sedangkan tubuh Nematoda
meruncing di kedua ujungnya, tetapi tidak tersegmentasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mayoritas
Nematoda parasit tetapi tidak</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> pada</span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">
Annelida.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Badan
rongga Annelida adalah coelom sejati sementara itu adalah coelom semu di
Nematoda.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Annelida
memiliki parapodia berjalan tetapi tidak</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> pada</span><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">
Nematoda.</span></div>
<br />
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-73277954235959891052015-06-26T20:58:00.000-07:002015-06-26T20:58:44.557-07:00PLATYHELMINTHES<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Platyhelminthes
berasal dari kata Yunani : platy + helmintes ; platy = pipih, helmintes =
cacing. Bila dibandingkan dengan Porifera dan Coelenterata, maka kedudukan
Phylum Platyhelminthes adalah lebih tinggi setingkat. Hal itu dapat dilhat
dengan ciri-ciri yang dimiliki, sebagai berikut : tubuh bilateral simetris
(pipih), hidup di air tawar, mulut terdapat pada bagian ventral, memiliki
bentukan seperti mata, mempunyai auricle, arah tubuh sudah jelas, yaitu
mempunyai arah anterior – posterior dan arah dorsal – ventral, bersifat
triploblastik, sebab dinding tubuhnya sudah tersusun atas tiga lapisan, yaitu
lapisan ektodermis, mesodermis, dan lapisan endodermis, sudah mempunyai sistem
syaraf<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang bersistem tangga tali, yang
terdiri dari sepasang ganglia yang membesar di bagian anterior<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dan sepasang atau lebih syaraf yang
membentang dari arah anterior ke posterior, tubuhnya sudah dilengkapi dengan
gonad yang telah mempunyai saluran tetap dan juga alat kopulasi yang khusus.
Tetapi hewan ini masih tetap tergolong hewan tingkat rendah, mengingat tubuh
tidak mempunyai rongga tubuh yang sebenarnya (coelom), saluran pencernaan
makanan belum sempurna, bahkan ada sementara anggota yang tidak bersaluran
pencernaan, alat kelaminnya masih belum terpisah ( hermafrodit ). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Anggota dari
Phylum ini yang telah dikenal meliputi 10.000 hingga 15.000 spesies. Dari
sekian itu berdasarkan sifat-sifat khusus hewan dewasa, maka Phylum
Platyhelminthes dapat dibagi menjadi tiga kelas, yaitu : kelas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Turbelaria,
</i>kelas <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trematoda </i>dan<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>kelas <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cestoda.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list -2.25in left 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kelas Turbellaria</b> (cacing pipih
berambut getar)<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></b><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Permukaan tubuhnya bersilia, dan ditutupi oleh
epidermis yang bersintium, hampir semua anggota kelas ini hidupnya bebas, hanya
beberapa yang hidup secara ektokomensalis atau secara parasit,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tubuhnya dibagi atas segmen-segmen. </span>Sebagian
dari padanya dilengkapi dengan bulu-bulu getar, disamping itu juga dilengkapi
dengan sel-sel yang dilengkapi dengan zat mukosa (lendir) Riwayat hidup cacing
ini sangat sederhana. Contoh : <i>Planaria, Bipalium.</i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kelas Trematoda</b> (cacing hisap)<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mempunyai 2 alat hisap, yaitu alat
penghisap oral dan ventral. Hampir semua Trematoda bersifat parasit terhadap
hewan vertebrata baik secara ekto maupun secara endoparasit. Tubuhnya tidak
dilengkapi oleh epidermis maupun silia (kecuali fase larvanya). Tubuh berbentuk
seperti daun, dan dilengkapi dengan alat penghisap. Bagian luar tubuh dilapisi
kutikula. </span>Contoh : <i>Fasciola hepatica, Schistosoma japonicum.</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kelas Cestoda</b> (cacing pita)<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Seluruh
anggota kelas ini bersifat endoparasit. Tubuh tidak dilengkapi dengan epidermis
maupun silia. Tubuh seperti pita dan pada umumnya terbagi atas segmen-segmen.
Setiap segmennya dilengkapi dengan satu perangkat alat reproduksi yang
hermafrodit. Tubuhnya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>terdiri atas
kepala (skolek), leher dan proglotid yang ukurannya makin besar dan makin
dewasa ke arah belakang. Makanan diperoleh dengan menyerap zat makanan dari
inangnya melalui seluruh tubuh. Contoh : <i>Taenia solium</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Cacing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Planaria</i>
merupakan contoh dari Class Turbelaria. Planaria memiliki tubuh yang pipih,
hidup di air tawar, mulut terdapat pada bagian ventral, memiliki bentuk seperti
mata, dan mempunyai <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">auricle</i>.
Sedangkan pada <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fasciola hepatica</i>
juga<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>memiliki tubuh yang pipih, tidak
bersegmen, pada bagian mulut terdapat penghisap dan terkadang memiliki pengait.
Biasanya hewan ini hermafrodit.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Turbellaria yang hidup bebas di air atau di tempat yang
lembap: Trematoda yang hidup sebagai parasit, dan Cestoda yang hidup sebagai
parasit di dalam usus Vertebrata. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fasciola
hepatica</i> termasuk dalam kelas Trematoda.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Mulut <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fasciola hepatica
</i>terletak di tengah-tengah alat isap depan. Makanannya terdiri dari jaringan
tubuh atau cairan tubuh tuan rumahnya yang diisap oleh alat hisapkemudian
melalui mulut masuk ke dalam saluran pencernaannya. Kelas Trematoda dibagi
menjadi dua ordo, yaitu : Monogenea dan Digenea. Jenis Monogenea hanya memiliki
satu tuan rumah saja Telurnya yang dilepas ke dalam air tidak banyak jumlahnya,
bahkan kadang-kadang hanya satu butir saja. Larva yang terjadi langsung melekat
pada tuan rumahnya,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>banyak sekali larva
yang semacam itu sehingga dapat mematikan banyak anak ikan., misalnya jenis <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gyrodactylus </i>yang hdup pada sirip,
kulit, dan insang ikan mas. <span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Jenis
hewan dalam ordo ini merupakan parasit luar (ektoparasit) Vertebrata ; pada
manusia belum pernah didapat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"> berikut merupakan hewan dari phylum platyhelminthes :</span></div>
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<div class="Section1">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 238.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -184.5pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Planaria </span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">sp</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 238.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -184.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iUV4uUDz9BU/VY4ZTxfZrtI/AAAAAAAAAfY/rpjk8BAmaRE/s1600/20150326_132035.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-iUV4uUDz9BU/VY4ZTxfZrtI/AAAAAAAAAfY/rpjk8BAmaRE/s320/20150326_132035.jpg" width="240" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 238.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level7 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-indent: -184.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klasifikasi <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Animalia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Platyhelminthes</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Class<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Turbellaria</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Tricladida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Tricladidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">G</span>enus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Planaria</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
Spesies<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></b>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Planaria</i> sp</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in;">
(Sumber: Verma,
P.S. 2002)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<em>Planaria sp </em>menunjukkan
berbagai perilaku sebagai respon terhadap berbagai macam rangsang yang meliputi
cahaya, sentuhan, aroma, dan rasa. Selain itu daya regenerasi Planaria sp
sangat unik, dimana <em>planaria sp</em> mampu memperbaiki bagian tubuh yang
tidak sempurna menjadi bagian yang utuh seperti semula dalam waktu yang relatif
singkat (regenerasi yang tinggi).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<em>Planaria sp</em>
merupakan hewan yang hidup bebas dengan habitat yang berbeda-beda, beragam dari
perairan yang yang berarus lambat sampai pada perairan danau dan tertutupi oleh
bebatuan atau dedaunan. Planaria merupakan organisme yang ideal untuk
dipelajari karena kemampuannya untuk belajar yang cukup tinggi. Meskipun ia
hanya memiliki system saraf yang sederhana, yakni hanya berupa
ganglion-ganglion dan otak ‘primitive’ yang terkonsentrasi pada daerah ujung
anterior (kepala). <em>Planaria sp</em> merupakan pemakan makanan yang beraneka
ragam (versatile feeder), ia juga mampu mencari-cari dan memakan bangkai hewan
lain yang telah mati. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<em>Planaria sp</em>
memiliki tubuh pipih (dorsoventral), bilateral simetri dan tidak bersegmen.
Tubuh bagian dorsal memiliki auricle (aurikula/berbentuk telinga) dan eyespot
(bintik mata), sedangkan tubuh bagian ventral terdapat mulut, pharynk, dan
lubang kelamin. Tubuh memiliki peredaran darah, anus, dan coelom. Sedangkan
system sarafnya masih sangat sederhana.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
Mata <em>planaria</em>
<em>sp</em> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>disebut dengan <em>eye spot</em>
merupakan bintik mata yang sensitif terhadap cahaya matahari sehingga
planaria lebih banyak menghasbiskan banyak waktu di bawah bebatuan atau
daun-daun.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada kepala terdapat bagian
yang mirip dengan bentuk telinga (auricle) dipenuhi oleh banyak reseptor
kimia. Menggerakan kepala yang kesatu sisi ke sisi lain sehingga menyebabkan
planaria mengetahui atau merasakan adanya sinyal kimia (bau) yang berdifusi
dari sumber makanan.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<em>Planaria sp</em>
memiliki kemampuan untuk bereproduksi secara seksual dan aseksual. Reproduksi
secara seksual adalah musiman, dan merekan merupakan hermafrodit, yakni
memiliki keduanya, organ kelamin jantan dan betina. Telur dari seekor planaria
hanya bisa difertilisasi oleh sperma dari yang lainnya. Setelah fertilisasi, di
habitat alaminya, telur-telur dan yolk dibungkus oleh lapisan lengket yang bisa
melekat dibawah batu-batu. Setelah musim kawin, organ kelamin didegenerasi dan
kemudian meregenerasi kembali saat musim kawin tiba kembali. Untuk bereproduksi
secara seksual,<em> planaria</em> <em>sp</em> menjalani proses yang dinamakan
pembelahan melintang (<em>transverse fission). </em>Tubuh <em>planaria</em> <em>sp</em>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>terbagi menjadi dua fragment di bawah
farink dan setiap porsi meregenerasi bagian tubuh yang hilang oleh jalan sel
bakal (stem cell) yang dinamakan <em>neoblast.</em></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 40.5pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fasciola
hepatica</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level3 lfo2; tab-stops: list 40.5pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 76.5pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klasifikasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 76.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Animalia</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 76.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Platyhelminthes </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 76.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Class<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Trematoda</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 76.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Digenea</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 76.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Digeniadae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 76.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Fasciola</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 76.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fasciola hepatica</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 76.5pt; text-align: justify;">
(Sumber : Hegner, 1968 )</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
Berdasarkan hasil
pengamatan terhadap awetan <i>Fasciola hepatica </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">pada mikroskop, pada awetan ini<i> </i></span>terlihat morfologi cacing
ini mulutnya terletak di sebelah anterior. Hewan ini hidup parasit dalam
kantung empedu pada biri-biri, sapi, babi, dan lain-lainnya dan kadang
ditemukan juga pada manusia.<span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><i>Fasciola
hepatica</i> atau disebut juga Cacing hati merupakan anggota dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trematoda">Trematoda</a> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platyhelminthes">Platyhelminthes</a>).
Cacing hati mempunyai ukuran panjang 2,5 – 3 cm dan lebar 1 - 1,5 cm. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
Pada bagian depan
terdapat mulut meruncing yang dikelilingi oleh alat pengisap, dan ada sebuah
alat pengisap yang terdapat di sebelah ventral sedikit di belakang mulut, juga
terdapat alat kelamin. Bagian tubuhnya ditutupi oleh sisik kecil dari kutikula
sebagai pelindung tubuhnya dan membantu saat bergerak.<span style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Mulut terletak di
sebelah anterior. Di sekitar mulut terdapat alat hisap. Alat ini terdapat juga
di daerah ventral.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kedua alat itu
berfungsi sebagai alat penempel pada hospes. Antara mulut dan alat hisap
ventral terdapat lubang genital sebagai jalan untuk mengeluarkan telur. </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Lubang ekskresi terletak agak dekat dengan akhir
posterior. Kecuali itu terdapat lubagng lain sebagai akhir dari saluran laurer.</span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Sistem pencernaan sederhana, dimulai dari mulut, pharynx yang merupakan
saluran pendek, esophagus, usus yang terdiri dari dua cabang utama yang
menjulur dari anterior ke posterior sebelah-menyebelah dalam tubuh. Hewan ini
tidak memiliki system sirkulasi, maka bahan makanan diedarkan oleh pencernaan
itu sendiri. Alat hisap dilengkapi dengan otot-otot, sehingga menempel dengan
erat pada hospes. </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Otot ini terusun atas 3 lapisan di bawah ektoderm
: (1)lapisan luar melingkar, (2)lapisan tengah, (3)lapisan dalam yang diagonal.</span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">System ekskresi pada <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> terdiri dari
pembuluh-pembuluh yang bercabang-cabang yang mengadakan anyaman-anyaman dan
sel-sel yang berbentuk seperti kantung yang disebut sel api. Pada masing-masing
tubuh terdapat beberapa pembuluh pengumpul<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>yang membentang longitudinal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tubuh <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> adalah
triploblastik. Ektoderm tipis yang dilapisi oleh kutikula yang berfungsi
melindungi jaringan di bawahnya dari cairan hospes. Ektoderm mengandung sisik
kitin dan sel-sel tunggal kelenjar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Endoderm melapisi saluran pencernaan. Mesoderm merupakan jaringan yang
membentuk otot, alat ekskresi, dan saluran reproduksi. Disamping itu terdapat
jaringan parenkim yang mengisi rongga antara dinding tubuh dengan saluran
pencernaan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Alat reproduksi jantan terdiri atas : sepasang
testis, dua pembuluh vas diferensia, kantung vesiculum seminalis, saluran
ejakulasi dan penis. Alat reproduksi pada betina terdiri atas : saluran tunggal
ovarium, saluran oviduct, kelenjar pembungkus ovum, saluran vetelline, kelenjar
yolk, dan uterus.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<i>Fasciola hepatica</i>
memiliki Daur hidup yang kompleks karena melibatkan setidaknya dua inang. Inang
utama dan inang perantara. Berikut daur hidup dari <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fasciola hepatica</i>:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ut-zOeBxKjc/UdoLeIB6oSI/AAAAAAAAAOA/LqyBQBMME1A/s1600/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ut-zOeBxKjc/UdoLeIB6oSI/AAAAAAAAAOA/LqyBQBMME1A/s1600/2.jpg" height="208" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Reproduksi
seksual <i>Fasciola hepatica </i>menghasilkan telur pada hati dan kemudian
berpindah ke aliran darah ke empedu dan usus, kemudian keluar bersama tinja.</div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Telur
menetas dan tumbuh menjadi <b>mirasidium </b>bersilia di tempat basah.</div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mirasidium
menginfeksi inang perantara yaitu <i>Lymnaea </i>atau siput air.</div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mirasidium
berubah menjadi <b>sporokis</b> di dalam tubuh inang perantara (siput air).</div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Sporokis
berkembang secara aseksual menjadi <b>redia.</b></div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Redia
bermetamorfosis menjadi <b>serkaria. </b>Serkaria ini keluar dari tubuh siput
dan menempel paa turmbuhan atau rumput air.</div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Serkaria
membentuk cacing muda atau <b>metaserkaria</b>.</div>
<div class="Default" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.5pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 1.0in 99.0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Metaserkaria
termakan oleh hewan dan kemudian menjadi cacing dewasa di dalam organ hati.</div>
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-41879461695458365222015-06-26T20:24:00.000-07:002015-06-26T20:24:21.667-07:00PROTOZOA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Protozoa adalah hewan-hewan bersel tunggal, mempunyai struktur yang
lebih majemuk dari sel tunggal hewan multiseluler dan walaupun hanya terdiri
dari satu sel, namun Protozoa merupakan organisme yang sempurna. Ukuran tubuh
mikroskopis, sangat beranekaragam morfologi, fisiologi dan perkembangbiakannya.
Habitatnya diair tawar, air laut, tanah yang lembab atau dalam tubuh hewan
lain. Alat gerak pseudopodia, flagellum, silia dan ada yang tanpa alat gerak.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Protozoa
mempunyai lebih dari 30.000 spesies dengan beberapa sifat karakteristiknya. Ada
beberapa spesies yang bersifat patogen pada manusia dan hewan, beberapa spesies
berperan penting dalam simbiosa dengan Ruminantia, sebagai mikroorganisme pada
serangga, berperanan didalam proses mikrobiologi tanah, mikrobiologi air, dan
sebagainya. Sifatnya dapat hidup dengan syarat kehidupan yang minimal, sebab
jasad ini dapat menggunakan bakteria maupun protozoa lainnya sebagai sumber
makanannya. Didalam keadaan yang tidak sesuai untuk pertumbuhannya beberapa
spesies dapat membentuk kista, yaitu bentuk sel yang dilindungi oleh dinding
sel tebal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Protozoa dapat berkembang biak
secara vegatatif maupun secara generatif. Secara vegatatif misalnya pada Amoeba
yaitu dengan membelah diri. Sedangkan secara generatif yaitu dengan kunjugasi
misalnya pada <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paramecium</i> sp.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Peranan protozoa bagi kehidupan manusia : </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Protozoa yang menguntungkan </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Umumnya protozoa merugikan
bagi manusia, namun ada juga yang menguntungkan, misalnya beberapa sepecies
yang hidup sebagai saprofit pada sampah, sehingga dapat membantu siklus
mineral. Dalam ekosistem perairan. Protozoa yang hidup sebagai zooplankton
sangat berguna untuk makanan ikan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Protozoa yang merugikan </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Umumnya Protozoa bersifat
holozoik, makanannya diperoleh dari sisa organisme lain. Protozoa yang mengambil
zat makanan dari organisme lain ini bersifat parasit dan patagen, karena itu
sangat merugikan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Protozoa terbagi menjadi 5 kelas :</span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b>Rhizopoda (Sarcodina)</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Hewan-hewan ini bergerak dengan kaki semu
(Pseupodia). Hewan ini kebanyakan hidup bebas dalam air tawar<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>atau air laut, meskipun ada juga yang
bersifat parasit. Contohnya:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i>Amoeba proteus, </i>memiliki dua jenis
vakuola yaitu vakuola makanan dan vakuola kontraktil.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i>Entamoeba histolityca, </i>menyebabkan
disentri amuba (bedakan dengan disentri basiler yang disebabkan <i>Shigella
dysentriae)</i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Entamoeba gingivalis, </i>menyebabkan
pembusukan makanan di dalam mulut dan <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">radang
gusi (Gingivitis)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i>Foraminifera </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sp., </span>fosilnya dapat dipergunakan sebagai petunjuk adanya minyak
bumi. Tanah yang mengandung fosil fotaminifera disebut tanah globigerina.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Radiolaria </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sp<i>., </i></span>endapan tanah yang mengandung hewan tersebut
digunakan untuk bahan penggosok.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b>Flagellata
(Mastigophora)</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Hewan-hewan yang termasuk dalam kelas ini mempunyai alat gerak
satu atau lebih flagel atau (bulu cambuk). Bentuk tubuhnya lebih tetap dan
tidak memiliki rangka luar tubuh. Tempat hidup hewan ini biasanya di laut, air
tawar dan parasit pada tubuh<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hewan atau
manusia. Contohnya : <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Euglena, Volvox,
Tripanosoma dan Trichomonas. </i>Dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu:</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Golongan
<b>phytonagellata</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i>Euglena viridis </i>(makhluk hidup peralihah
antara protozoa<br />
dengan ganggang)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Volvax globator </i>(makhluh hidup peralihah
antara <br />
protozoa dengan ganggang)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i>Noctiluca
millaris </i>(hidup di laut dan dapat mengeluarkan<br />
cahaya bila terkena rangsangan mekanik)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Golongan <b>Zooflagellata, </b>contohnya :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i>Trypanosoma
gambiense &</i> <i>Trypanosoma rhodesiense.</i><br />
Menyebabkan penyakit tidur di Afrika dengan vektor (pembawa) <br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">lalat Tsetse </span><i>(Glossina sp.)</i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i>Trypanosoma
gambiense </i>vektornya <i>Glossina palpalis</i> <i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">tsetse <br />
</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sungai </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i>Trypanosoma
rhodeslense </i>vektornya <i>Glossina morsitans </i><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">tsetse </span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">semak</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i>Trypanosoma
cruzl<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>penyakit <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">chagas </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i>Trypanosoma
evansi </i>penyakit <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">surra, </span>pada
hewan ternak (sapi).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i>Leishmaniadonovani
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i>penyakit
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">kalanzar </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i>Trichomonas
vaginalis </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>penyakit <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">keputihan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ciliata (Ciliphora)</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Hewan-hewan kelas ini
memiliki alat gerak berupa cillia (rambut getar) untuk bergerak atau mencari
makan. Hidupnya mandiri atau sebagai komensal dalam saluran pencernaan
herbivore dan sebagainya. Hidupnya dalam kolam. Cara reproduksi aseksual
(membelah diri) dan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>seksual (konyugasi).
Contoh Cilliata :</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i>Paramaecium caudatum, </i>disebut binatang
sandal, yang memiliki dua jenis vakuola yaitu vakuola makanan dan vakuola
kontraktil yang berfungsi untuk mengatur kesetimbangan tekanan osmosis <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(osmoregulator). </span>Memiliki dua jenis
inti <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Makronukleus </span>dan <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mikronukleus </span>(inti reproduktif).</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i>Balantidium coli,</i> menyebabkan penyakit
diare.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b>Sporozoa</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: 40.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Secara praktis sprozoa adalah parasit karena dia tidak memilk alat gerak
dan vakoula kontraktil. Tubuhnya sederhana, berbentuk bulat panjang dengan
sebuah nukleus. </span>Cara bergerak hewan ini dengan cara <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">mengubah kedudukan tubuhnya. </span>Pembiakan
secara vegetatif (aseksual) disebut juga Skizogoni dan secara generatif
(seksual) disebut Sporogoni. <span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Contohnya:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Bebesia, Theleria, Moonocyctis dan Eimeria.</i></span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Marga sporozoa yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan manusia
yaitu <i>Toxopinsma </i>dan <i>Plasmodium.</i> Jenis-jenisnya antara lain:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">®<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i>Plasmodium falciparum </i>menyebabkan<i> </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">malaria tropika</span>, melakukan sporulasi
tiap hari</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">®<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i>Plasmodium vivax </i>menyebabkan <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">malaria tertian, melakukan </span>sporulasi
tiap hari ke-3 (48 jam)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">®<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i>Plasmodium malariae </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">penyebab<i> </i></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">malaria knartana</span>, melakukan sporulasi
tiap hari ke-4 (72 jam)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">®<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i>Plasmodiumovale </i>penyebab malaria ovale</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Suctoria</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
Bentuk muda hewan ini mempunyai cilia, oleh sebab itu
beberapa ahli memasukkan ke dalam kelas ciliate. <span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Hidupnya mandiri jika sudah dewasa, mempunyai
tentakel dan melekat pada suatu benda dengan tentakelnya. Beberapa jenis
bersifat parsit. Tentakelnya berguna untuk menusuk atau menghisap dan tidsak
memiliki cilia. </span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Cara makannya
bersifat holozoik. Reprodusi dengan membentuk tunas-tunas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Contohnya : <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Podophyta dan Suctoria<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>yang
parasit.</span></div>
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Berikut
ini akan dijelaskan beberapa jenis protozoa yang berhasil kami temukan serta
klasifikasinya :</div>
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<span class="a"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Vorticella microstome</span></i><span class="a"></span></div>
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<span class="a"><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>Terdapat
pada : air sawah (medium biasa), air sawah (medium biakan transparan).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Klasifikasi</span></div>
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Kingdom
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Animalia</div>
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Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Protozoa</div>
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Superclass<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Ciliata</div>
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Class<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Peritrichea</div>
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Order<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Peritrichida</div>
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Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Vorticella</div>
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Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vorticella microstoma</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify;">
(<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sumber: Hegner, 1968 )</span></div>
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<span class="a">Vorticella microstoma termasuk dalam class
ciliata. Bentuk hewan ini sangat unik karena menyerupai lonceng dan silia hewan
ini hanya berada pada sekitar tubuh bagian atas saja . Hewan ini juga
mempunyai tangkai dibagian bawahnya yang berfungsi untuk melekatkan diri
pada suatu tempat. Tangkai bisa lurus memanjang dan bisa pula memendek
membentuk spiral. Vorticella microstoma mempunyai dua inti , vakuola
kontraktil, vakuola makanan dan peristom. Pada saat praktikum kami tidak
melihat adanya pergerakan secara aktif dari hewan ini namun organel-organel didalamnya
sangat jelas terlihat dengan vakuola kontraktilnya yang terus berdenyut. Cara
perkembangbiakan hewan ini dengan membelah diri (aseksual) dan konyugasi
(seksual). Seperti halnya Paramecium, Vorticella menunjukan konjugasi
hanya jika telah sering membelah diri. Pada dasarnya cara pembelahan atau
konjugasi prosesnya sama saja dengan yang terjadi pada paramecium. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Euglena
</span></i><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">sp</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .5in 58.5pt; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
Terdapat pada : Air selokan, air comberan, air kolam dan
air sawah pada medium biasa. Air sawah, air kolam, dan air sawah pada medium biakan
tertutup. Air sawah dan air kolam pada biakan transparan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klasifikasi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Animalia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Protozoa</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Superclass<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Mastigophora</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Class<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Phytomastigoporea</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Euglenida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Famili<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Euglenidae </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Euglena</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Euglena viridis</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">(Sumber : Hegner. 1968)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Spesies ini
memiliki silia yang sama panjang, yang terdapat pada seluruh permukaan
tubuhnya. Bentuk tubuh panjang, runcing pada anterior dan tumpul pada
posterior. Lapisan luar yang memadat di sebut ektoplasma dan bagian disebelah
di sebut endoplasma yang wujudnya padat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Euglena viridis</i>
adalah Protista yang dapat bertindak sebagai heterotrof dan dapat pula sebagai
autotrof. Ketika bertindak sebagai heterotrof, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Euglena viridis</i> mengelilingi partikel dan mengkonsumsi makanan
dengan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocytosis&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhj7Fc2Lx1suskG2YgbB67U9aS2BtA" title="Fagositosis">fagositosis.</a> Ketika bertindak sebagai autotrof, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Euglena viridis</i> menggunakan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplasts&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhgfZ6Fy6wytYIjeTeJzlPio6nYtfg" title="Kloroplas">kloroplas,</a>(warna hijau) yang mengandung <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll_a&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhhmcP11FIgHOkKPVM_Ga7hNpXaLgQ" title="Klorofil">Klorofil a,</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyll_b&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhgpDrltqOHxXU1y5uChfP9bejdwvA" title="Klorofil b">Klorofil b,</a> dan beberapa <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoid&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhhiGb2L4hqLIB278VMwTyMN9AD8Qw" title="Karotenoid">karotenoid</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigments&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjyl0F6BAoiFV5kFe2VNigaOajhcw" title="Pigmen">pigmen,</a> untuk menghasilkan gula oleh <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjhv4H0k__H5HxzLtU5JoR0D7qOBQ" title="Fotosintesis">fotosintesis.</a> Setiap kloroplas memiliki tiga membran,
dan ada di tumpukan tilakoid tiga. Jumlah dan bentuk kloroplas dalam <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euglenozoa&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhi83B3xKDExPDMx3UtbtrG-uDMg4Q" title="Euglenozoa">Euglenozoa</a> sangat bervariasi karena kondisi lingkungan dan
sejarah evolusi. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Euglena</i> mampu
bergerak melalui lingkungan perairan dengan menggunakan besar, <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellum&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhiTbNur45uZMOJxPBsLJnEvWkYkqw" title="Flagela">flagela</a> untuk penggerak. Untuk mengamati lingkungannya, sel
berisi <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyespot_apparatus&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhggl5tlb3E4TCupf9Vb5x5HGhKpiA" title="Eyespot aparat">eyespot,</a> organel primitif yang menyaring sinar
matahari ke dalam cahaya-mendeteksi, foto-sensitif struktur di dasar flagela;
hanya mengizinkan panjang gelombang cahaya tertentu untuk memukulnya. Foto ini
mendeteksi daerah yang sensitif terhadap cahaya yang dapat ditularkan melalui
eyespot. Ketika cahaya tersebut terdeteksi, Euglena viridis mungkin sesuai
menyesuaikan posisi untuk meningkatkan fotosintesis. Euglena viridis mobilitas
juga memungkinkan untuk berburu kemampuan, karena adaptasi ini, banyak Euglena
viridis dianggap <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixotroph&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhhnwbES3kxf38MhuJuwV-JwMA4w_w" title="Mixotroph">mixotrophs:</a> <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autotroph&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhimddll5DtbY9ssz74WKW21oMTqSg" title="Autotroph">autotrophs</a> di sinar matahari dan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotroph&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhj5mg5PdSFAiZicQR4KDmiTie5USw" title="Heterotroph">heterotrophs</a> dalam gelap. Euglena viridis juga struktural
dinding sel kurang, tapi memiliki <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellicle_%28biology%29&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjJlfuB6sZlB07zdqkd5a-YqfwZHA" title="Kulit tipis (biologi)">kulit tipis</a> sebagai gantinya. Yang kulit
tipis terbuat dari protein band yang spiral ke bawah panjang Euglena viridis
dan berbaring di bawah membran plasma. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Dalam kondisi kelembaban rendah, sebuah Euglena viridis
membentuk dinding pelindung di sekitar itu sendiri dan tertidur sebagai <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spore&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhjKyEtW82A0XFbyRX8omudEnOiqeQ" title="Spore">spora</a> sampai kondisi lingkungan membaik. Euglena viridis juga
dapat bertahan dalam gelap dengan menyimpan <a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=id&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramylon&prev=/search%3Fq%3Deuglena%26hl%3Did%26gbv%3D2&rurl=translate.google.co.id&usg=ALkJrhhd0B7oCtZdE2cARPYir87V6IWU5w" title="Paramylon">paramylon</a> butiran dalam tubuh pyernoid dalam kloroplas.
Euglena berkembang biak dengan membelah diri secara longitudinal.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 355.5pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in list 58.5pt left 70.7pt; text-indent: -319.5pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paramecium
caudatum</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Terdapat pada : air selokan dan air comberan pada medium
biasa. Air comberan dan air sawah pada biakan tertutup. Air selokan dan air
sawah pada biakan transparan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Klasifikasi<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Animalia</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Protozoa</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Sub phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Invertebrata</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Cilliata</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Holotrichida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Parameciidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paramaecium</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Paramaecium caudatum</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: 81.0pt; text-align: justify;">
Sumber (Hegner, 1968)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Paramaecium
tergolong hewan bersel satu yang tubuhnya besar. Dapat terlihat dengan mata
biasa sebagai titik yang bergerak-gerak. Jika dilihat di bawah mikroskop,
bentuknya kelihatan seperti sandal. Seluruh permukaan tubuhnya penuh dengan
rambut getar (cilia), yang merupakan ciri utama kelas Ciliata dan ordo
Holotrichida. Gerakan rambut getar ini menyebabkan hewan sandal ini dapat
berenang cepat di dalam air. Jika hewan tersebut bergerak, bagian ujung
tubuhnya yang tumpul selalu terdapat di depan, sedangkan ujung tubuh yang
lancip selalu berada di bagian belakang. Dekat bagian tubuh yang lancip
terdapat lekukan ke dalam yang merupakan lubang mulut sel yang di sebelah
dalamnya berhubungan dengan suatu corong, berakhir dengan rongga makanan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Paramaecium berkembang biak dengan jalan
pembelahan diri dan konjugasi. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .75in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 355.5pt; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: .75in list 355.5pt; text-indent: -319.5pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amplhileptus
claparede</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; tab-stops: .75in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Terdapat pada : air kolam dan air sawah
pada medium biasa dan air comberan dan air sawah pada medium biakan tertutup.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Klasifikasi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Animalia</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Protozoa</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Superclass<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Mastigophora</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Class<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Flagellata</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Phytoflagellata</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Famili<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Chryssococcusidae</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Chryssococcus</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 1.0in 1.5in; text-align: justify;">
Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chryssococcus rufescens</i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
(Sumber
: Hegner. 1968)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Spesies ini memiliki butir hijau daun di dalam
protoplasmanya, dan hanya memiliki satu flagellum saja. Flagellum merupakan
alat gerak yang berupa satu atau lebih tonjolan protoplasma yang panjang
seperti cambuk. <span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Bentuk tubuhnya
tetap, karena terbungkus dengan selaput sel yang kuat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 355.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -319.5pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Volvox
aureus</i><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Terdapat pada : air kolam pada medium biakan tertutup dan air
comberan serta sawah pada medium biakan transparan.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Klasifikasi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Animalia</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Protozoa</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Superclass<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Mastigophora</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
Class<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Phytomastigophora</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Volvocida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Famili<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Volvocidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Volvox</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Volvox aureus</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">(Sumber :Hegner. 1968)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Spesies ini terdiri atas ratusan sel yang digabungkan oleh
suatu jalan protoplasma. Sebagian besar selnya mempunyai titik mata,
chlorophyl, vakuola kontraktil dan 2 flagella. Perkembangbiakannya dengan dua
cara yaitu dengan. Aseksual dan Seksual. Peleburan mikro dan makro gamet
membentuk zygot yang terbungkus oleh suatu dinding yang keras. Pada saat dimana
keadaan dinding akan pecah dan membelah lalu membentuk koloni baru.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 355.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -319.5pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amoeba </i>sp</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Terdapat pada air kolam pada medium biakan tertutup.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Klasifikasi:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:Animalia</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:Protoza</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Sub phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plasmoderma</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:Sarcodina</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Sub Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rhizopoda</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:Amoebima</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Amoebioae</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Amoeba</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amoeba </i>sp</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 76.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.5in;">
(Sumber: http://didik-abd.blogspot.com)</div>
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Amoeba bergerak
dengan menjulurkan kaki semunya (pseudopodia), gerakannya ini disebut amoeboid.
Amoeba ada yang dibungkus cangkang ada pula yang tanpa selubung cangkang
(telanjang), biasanya yang tanpa selubung bentuknya asimetris dan selalu
berubah.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
Bagian tubuh
amoeba yang hanya satu sel terdiri atas vakuola makanan, vakuola kontraktil,
inti, endoplasma, ektoplasma, plasmagel, plasmolema, tudung hyalin, lembaran
plasma gel, plasma sol, dan juga kristal-kristal.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-51319293369247238192015-06-26T19:57:00.001-07:002015-06-26T19:57:40.676-07:00ARTHROPODA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Arthropoda merupakan filum terbesar dalam
kerajaan Animalia.Dari sekitar 1.250.000 spesies hewan yang telah dikenal dan
dideskripsikan, 1.000.000 diantaranya adalah Arthropoda.Dengan demikian, filum
ini mencakup sekitar 80 % dari semua jenis hewan yang telah dikenal saat
ini.Ini menggambarkan bahwa filum ini merupakan kelompok hewan yang paling
berhasil menghuni planet bumi.</div>
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Sebagai hasil dari daya adaptasi yang tinggi, Arthropoda
telah menyebar ke seluruh bagian bumi, baik daratan maupun perairan, yang
suhunya diatas titik beku dalam jangka waktu yang cukup lama untuk
memmungkinkan perkembangbiakan.Karena itu, anggota filum ini amat mudah
dijumpai di darat, perairan tawar, maupun laut.Selain itu, filum Arthropoda
juga mencakup satu-satunya kelompok hewan invertebrata yang dapat terbang.Arthropoda
merupakan hewan tubuhnya bersegmen-segmen.Ada tiga ciri khas Arthropoda yang
dapat dilihat dari luar.Pertama adalah embelan yang berbuku-buku yang muncul
berpasangan dari sebagian atau semua segmen tubuh. Yang kedua adalah organisasi
segmen-segmen ke dalam bagian-bagian tubuh yang disebut <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">tagmata</span> (tunggal :tagma). Yang ketiga adalah kutikula yang
disekresikan oleh epidermis, yang menyelubungi tubuh dan biasanya membentuk
eksoskeleton yang keras kecuali di bagian-bagian tubuh yang perlu <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">lentur</span>.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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Kutikula secara berkala diganti, dalam proses ganti
kulit, untuk memungkinkan pertumbuhan.Tadinya Arthropoda yang ada saat ini
dikelompokkan kedalam dua subfilum : Chelicerata dan Mandibulata, ditambah
dengan subfilum Trilobita yang telah punah. Namun belakangan ini, banyak
zoologiwan yang berpendapat bahwa sebenarnya Arthropoda tergolong kedalam empat
subfilum : <b>Trilobita</b>, <b>Chelicerata</b>, <b>Crustacea</b>, dan <b>Uniramia</b>.
Didalam subfilum Unimaria tercakup kelas <b>Chilopoda</b>, <b>Diplopoda</b>, <b>Pauropoda</b>,
<b>Symphyla</b>, yang semuanya tadinya termasuk dalam kelas Myriapoda, dan
kelas <b>Insecta</b>. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
Ciri-ciri umum
dari Arthropoda ialah :<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Mempunyai
appendage yang beruas<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tubuhnya
bilateral simetris terdiri atas sejumlah ruas-ruas<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Tubuh
dibungkus oleh zat chtine, sehingga merupakan e<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">ks</span>oskleton (rangka luar)<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Biasanya
ruas-ruas terdapat bagian-bagian yang tidak berchitine, sehingga ruas-ruas tersebut
mudah digerakkan<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Sistem
syaraf tangga tali<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 25.1pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Coelom
pada hewan dewasa adalah kecil dan merupakan suatu rongga berisi darah dan
disebut haemocoel. <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 9.35pt; tab-stops: 3.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.05pt;">
Sedangkan ciri-ciri khusus dari
phylum Arthropoda yang dapat dilihat dari luar, yaitu :</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Ada
embelan yang berbuku-buku yang muncul berpasangan dari sebagian atau semua
segmen tubuh</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Ada
organisasi segmen-segmen ke dalam bagian-bagian tubuh yang disebut tagmata</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Ada kutikula yang disekresikan oleh epidermis yang
menyelubungi tubuh yang membentuk endoskeleton</div>
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Klasifikasi
Arthropoda terbagi menjadi 8 Kelas yaitu sebagai berikut: </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kelas Crustacea, contoh : Udang.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kelas Onychophora, contoh : Peripatus.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kelas Chilopoda, contoh : Kelabang.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kelas Diplopoda, contoh : Kelemayar.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kelas Insecta (Hexapoda), contoh : Belalang.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kelas Arachnoidea, contoh : Laba-laba.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kelas Pauropoda, contoh : Pauropus.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l1 level4 lfo1; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kelas Symphyla, contoh : Scutigerella.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>Phylum
Arthropoda ini dibagi menjadi 3 sub filum yaitu Mandibulata, Onychopora dan
Chelicerata. Sub filum Mandibulata terbagi lagi menjadi 6 kelas yaitu
Crustacea, Insecta, Chilipoda, Diplopoda, Pauropoda dan Symphyla.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>Ciri-ciri
umum dari kelas Crustacea yaitu habitatnya di danau, air tawar, kolam dan
sungai. Tubuhnya terdiri dari cephalothorax dan abdomen serta bersegmen.
Kerangka luarnya dari zat kitin dan ciri yang terakhir yaitu makanan pokoknya
berupa zat organik hidup dan zat yang busuk. Ciri dari kelas Insecta yaitu
mulutnya terdiri dari 3 bagian yaitu mandi<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">bula</span>, ma<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">ksilla</span> dan
labium. Tubuhnya terdiri atas kepala, thorax dan abdomen. Mempunyai sepasang
antenna dan biasanya terdiri dari 2 pasang sayap. Yang terakhir yaitu thoraxnya
terdiri atas 3 pasang kaki. Ciri dari kelas Chilopoda yaitu terdiri dari 15-173
segmen. Tubuhnya rata, dorsal ventral dan memiliki maxillipedes. Antenanya
panjang dengan 12 segmen. Ciri dari kelas Diplopoda yaitu habitatnya di darat
dan bernapas dengan trakea. Makanan pokoknya berupa sayuran yang membusuk.
Sistem ekskresinya berupa pembuluh malpighi. Ciri umum dari Pauropoda yaitu
habitatnya di darat dengan tubuh terdiri dari 12 segmen. Tidak memilki alat pernapasan
khusus. Makanan pokoknya berupabinatang kecil dan sayuran. Panjang tubuhnya
lebih kecil dari 2 mm. Ciri-ciri umum dari kelas Symphyla yaitu habitatnya di
tempat yang basah dengan tubuhnya yang bersegmen. Makanan pokoknya berupa
sayuran yang membusuk. Panjang tubuhnya bervariasi antara 2,8-6 mm.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>Sub
filum dari Onychopora hanya terdiri dari satu kelas yaitu kelas Onychopora.
Ciri-ciri umum dari kelas ini yaitu hidupnya dalam batu karang, kulit kayu,
tempat yang lembab serta aktif di malam hari.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Mempunyai kelenjar sebagai pelindung dan bergerak perlahan dengan kaki.
Antena dari hewan ini sensitif.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>Sub
filum dari Chelicerata terdiri dari 5 kelas yaitu Merostomata, Arachnida,
Pycnogonida, Tardigrada dan Pentastomida. Kelas Merostomata mempunyai ciri-ciri
yaitu tubuhnya terdiri dari chephalothorax dan bernafas dengan insang. Memiliki
6 pasang laminate. Tidak bergerak dengan anggota tubuh. Memilki terminal segmen
tanpa sebuah caudal. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>Ciri
dari kelas Arachnida yaitu tubuhnya terdiri dari chelicerae, cephalothorax dan
perut. Bernapas dengan trakea dan paru-paru dan tidak memilki antena dan rahang
sejati. Kelas Pycnogonida ciri-cirinya yaitu hidup di laut serta perkawinannya
terpisah san cephalothorax dan perut mengalami reduksi. Ciri-ciri dari kelas
tardigrada yaitu hidup di lumut, air hangat dan air garam. Tubuhnya terdiri
dari 4 segmen dan tidak mempunyai sistem pernapasan, sirkulasi dan ekskresi
tetapi terdapat sistem saraf. Yang terakhir yaitu perkembangbiakannya terpisah.
Ciri dari kelas Pentastomida yaitu hidup di darat dengan tubuh yang tidak
memiliki segmen tetapi memilki dinding. Sistem pernapasannya tidak ada dan juga
sistem sirkulasi dan ekskresi. Perkembangbiakannya terpisah.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Udang galah (<i>Cambarus viridis</i>)</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LuOMzUoylEk/VY3-nY3kwhI/AAAAAAAAAeU/C2rpMS8-a-E/s1600/UDANG%2BGALAH%2B%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LuOMzUoylEk/VY3-nY3kwhI/AAAAAAAAAeU/C2rpMS8-a-E/s320/UDANG%2BGALAH%2B%25285%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: 14.2pt;">
<u><span lang="SV" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Klasifikasi</span></u><span lang="SV" style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Animalia</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt;">
Pylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Arthropoda</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Cr<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">u</span>staceae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Decapoda</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Penapidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Cambarus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i>Cambarus viridis</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt;">
(Menurut Hegner,
1968)<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Abdomen
umumnya terdiri atas 6 ruas atau segmen yang diakhiri dengan bagian terminal
yang disebut dengan telson. </span>Pada udang terdapat 4 pasang kaki rengan
yang beberapa di antaranya telah mengalami modifikasi.<i><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Cambarus viridis</span></i><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;"> atau yang lebih di kenal dengan nama udang galah,
habitatnya adalah pada air tawar, danau atau di dalam kolam. Tubuh sebelah luar
terdapat kutikula yang tersusun oleh pectin dan garam-garam mineral.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Exo-skeleton membagi tubuh menjadi dua bagian
yaitu bagian anterior yang disebut dengan cephalothorax, dan bagian anterior
yang terdiri dari buku-buku yang disebut dengan abdomen. </span><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Struktur buku terdiri atas plat (lembaran) dorsal
yang kompleks yang disebut dengan tergum. Cephalothorax terdiri atas 13 ruas
yang menjadi satu. Bagian ini disebut dengan carapae. Bagian cara pae yang
mencuat di sebut dengan prostomium atau rostrum.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sistem pencernaan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Alat pencernaan makanan terdiri atas : mulut,
oesophagus, lambung yang terdiri dari cardiac dan pylorus, usus dan anus.
Makanan udang terutama adalah hewan-hewan akuatis yang kecil-kecil, tetapi juga
bahan organis busuk. Mulutnya di kelilingi oleh beberapa pasang alat tambahan
yang disebut alat-alat mulut. Dari mulut berlanjut ke oesophagus, lambung yang
terdiri dari bagian hardiak dan bagian pilorik, terus ke usus dan anus. <span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Lambung
kardiak mengandung alat-alat penggerus makanan. Kelenjar digesti (kelenjar
hepatic) mengeluarkan secret enzimatis ke dalam lambung pilorik. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sistem respirasi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Insang
berbulu (insang dalam) bertaut pada segmen basal dari maksiliped kedua dan
ketiga, dan bertaut pula pada empat kaki untuk berjalan yang pertama. <span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Barisan insang kedua dan ketiga (pada
beberapa jenis, antara lain<i> Astacus</i> sp) bertaut dengan insang luar.
Insang-insang dalam itu teredam dalam air dalam ruang insang (ruang di sebelah
bawah tiap karapase). Insang-insang itu mengendung pembuluh-pembuluh darah. Aliran
air dalam ruang insang itu terjamin oleh adanya “ember” air yang meerupakan
cabang dari maksila kedua.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sistem sirkulasi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Darah
mempunyai cairan yang tidak berwarna dan mengandung sel amoeboid dengan
corpuscular. Jantung terdapat di sebelah dorsal, adlam sebuah pericardium.
Darah memasuki jantung melalui 3 pasang ostium, yaitu lubang-lubang bentuk
valvuler (berklep). Darah itu dipompa ke luar melalui 7 buah arteri, yang
mengeluarkan isinya ke dalam ruang-ruang terbuka yang di sebut sinus.
Sinus-sinus itu mengelirkan darah ke dalam kapiler-kapiler insang, dan dari
kapiler-kepiler tersebut darah memasuki jantung melalui pericardium.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sistem ekskresi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Terdiri
atas dua buah kelenjat hijau yang membuat cairan berwarna hijau, strukturnya
seperti nefridium dan terbuka pada dasar antena-antena.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sistem syaraf</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Pada
udang terdapat “otak” di sebelah dorsal, dengan dua buah pengubung
sirkumesofageal, dan sebuah rantai ganglion-ganglion disebelah ventral.
ganglion ventral pertama besar, berhubungan dengan beberapa persatuang
ganglion. Syaraf bercabang dari otak dan korda ventral.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sistem indera</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Perasa sentuhan dan perasa kimia (pembau
dan peraba) pada hewan ini sangat kuat, dan organ-organnya terdapat pada
alat-alat tambahan anterior. </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ada 2 buah mata majemuk yang tersusn dari
banyak unit optik yang di sebut ommatidium. Tiap mata majemuk itu terdapat paad
sebuah tangkai. Organ keseimbanga, statokis terdapat pada dasar
antenul-antenul.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sistem reproduksi dan perkembangan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Kelamin
terpisah (diesius). Baik testis maupun ovarium bilobat. Testis melepaskan
sperma ke dalam duktus spermatikus terus ke pori-pori yang terdapat pada dasar
pasangan kaki untuk berjalan yang kelima. Oviduk melepaskan telur dari ovarium
ke lubang-lubang pada dasar pasangan kaki untuk berjalan yang ketiga. <span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Stadium embrional diselesaikan ketika
telur masih bertaut dengan “swimmeret-swimmeret” hewan betina. </span><span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Bahkan larva yang telah menetas pun tetap
bertaut padanya untuk beberapa lama.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Belangkas (<i>Limulus polycephalus</i>)</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UKHGwlVBF6I/VY4DZ0WmFqI/AAAAAAAAAeg/UjlWESqBnzU/s1600/BELANGKAS%2B%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UKHGwlVBF6I/VY4DZ0WmFqI/AAAAAAAAAeg/UjlWESqBnzU/s320/BELANGKAS%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="240" /></a></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<u>Klasifikasi</u><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>
: </div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Animalia</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
Arthropoda</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Sub phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Chelicerata</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Merostomata</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Xiphosura</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Limulidae</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Limulus</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Spesies <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>:
<i>Limulus</i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> polyphemus</i></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
(Menurut Hegner, 1968)</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: .5in;">
Belangkas atau <i>Limulus</i> sp merupakan hewan laut yang
habitatnya adalah pada pantai-pantai daerah yang tropis maupun yang
subtropik.Hewan ini adalah merupakan salah ordo dari Xiphosura yang masih muda,
tidak memiliki pembuluh malphigi tapi memiliki insang.Hewan ini juga memiliki alat
respirasi tambahan yang memungkinkan dirinya untuk bernapas di luar
air.Sedangkan untuk berjalan, hewan ini hanya memiliki kaki pendek.Hewan ini
biasanya aktif pada malam hari, suka menguburkan dirinya dalam pasir yang
basah.Memiliki karapaks yang menutupi prosoma berbentuk sepatu kuda, cembung
berwarna coklat tua dan tidak bersegmen.Selubung (parsial) abdomen segi enam
lebar, dengan sepasang duri-duri yang lateral pendek.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: 14.7pt;">
Belangkas tidak mempunyai antena, letak kakinya terdapat pada
thorax berjumlah 5 pasang dan jumlah tagmata 2 buah. Pada thorax terdapat dua
mata majemuk lateral dan dua mata sederhana tengah. Terdiri atas 150-200 daun
yang bersifat pembuluh darah untuk respirasi.Belangkas termasuk hewan penusuk
dan berduri.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: 14.7pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 66.75pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Lipan (<i>Scolopendra morsitans</i>)</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DvjlyZ0MJi0/VY4Pkbft-gI/AAAAAAAAAe0/tnJR426EFy8/s1600/LIPAN%2B%25286%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DvjlyZ0MJi0/VY4Pkbft-gI/AAAAAAAAAe0/tnJR426EFy8/s320/LIPAN%2B%25286%2529.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 66.75pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndentCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<u>Klasifikasi</u><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndentCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Animalia.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndentCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Arthropoda.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Myriapoda.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Chilopoda.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt;">
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Lithobidae.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Scolopendra.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt;">
Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Scolopendra morsitans</i>.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt;">
(Sumber
: Hegner, 1968)</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Mempunyai bentuk tubuh yang ramping dan memipih dorsoventral.Pada kepala
terlihat adanya antena yang panjang dengan 12 atau lebih sendi.Antena ini
berfungsi sebagai petunjuk arah jalan atau juga sebagai penanda ransangan yang
ada di depannya.Selain antena pada bagian kepala juga terdapat mandibula dan
dua pasang maksila.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Sepasang cakar racun berfungsi sebagai proteksi terhadap serangan
musuh.Pada setiap segmen terdapat satu pasang kaki.Tubuh terdiri dari 15 sampai
181 somit / segmen.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
Pada segmen pertama batang tubuh terdapat sepasang cakar racun bersendi
empat dan pada tiap-tiap segmen yang lain kecuali pada dua segmen yang
terakhir, terdapat sepasang kaki jalan kecil bersendi 7.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kaki seribu ( <i>Julus virgatus</i>)</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MmVkOjCd7Ww/VY4QKM0M_SI/AAAAAAAAAe8/BqyEwC4A7GU/s1600/KAKI%2BSERIBU%2B%25287%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MmVkOjCd7Ww/VY4QKM0M_SI/AAAAAAAAAe8/BqyEwC4A7GU/s320/KAKI%2BSERIBU%2B%25287%2529.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<u>Klasifikasi</u><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> : </div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>: Animalia</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>: Arthropoda</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
Sub phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Uniramia</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Chordota</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
Sub class<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>: Myiapoda</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Diplopoda</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Julidae</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Julus</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>: <i>Julus virgatus</i></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
(Menurut Hegner,
1968)</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<i>Julus virgatus</i>
atau yang dikenal dengan sebutan kaki seribu / luwing adalah termasuk hewan
invertebrata yang termasuk dalam phylum Arthropoda yang mempunyai ciri-ciri
sebagai berikut :</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Badan beruas-ruas dan setiap ruas tubuh memiliki kaki
bersendi.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Triploblastik selomata.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Terdapat bagian kepala yang mempunyai mulut, alat
peraba dan lain-lain.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Rangka luar terdiri atas zat chitin dan sambungan yang
terletak di antara ruas bersifat agak lunak.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Jenis kelamin gonokoris.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sistem peredaran darah terbuka.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Sistem syaraf tangga tali.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Alat ekskresi adalah buluh Malpighi (kelenjar hijau).</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Alat pencernaan sempurna.</div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
Setelah di amati kembali, tubuh
dari<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i>Julus virgatus </i>adalah
terdiri atas kepala dan badan, bentuknya silindris, pada setiap ruas terdapat
dua pasang kaki, bernapas dengan trakea dan termasuk kepada hewan herbivor
serta berkembang biak dengan cara bertelur.<span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kecoa (<i>Periplaneta americana</i>)</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ihAEpNChV-s/VY4Q38a6fuI/AAAAAAAAAfI/l5xOjH9VtAg/s1600/KECOA%2B%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ihAEpNChV-s/VY4Q38a6fuI/AAAAAAAAAfI/l5xOjH9VtAg/s320/KECOA%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
<u>Klasifikasi</u><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Kingdom<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Animalia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
Phylum<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Arthropoda<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Subphylum<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Invertebrata<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Class<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Insecta<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: 1.0in 76.5pt; text-align: justify;">
Ordo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Orthopthera</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: -148.5pt 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Family<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Orthoptheradeae</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .25in 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Genus<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>: periplaneta</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .5in 1.0in; text-align: justify;">
Spesies<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Periplaneta americana</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .25in; text-align: justify;">
(Menurut Hegner, 1968)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
Kecoa atau<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang dikenal dengan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Periplaneta americana </i>banyak dijumpai dan dikenal karena hewan ini
menjadi hama di dapu-dapur dan gudang. <span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Hewan ini mencari makanannya pada malam hari sedangkan pada waktu siang
hari bersembunyi. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Tubuh kecoa terbagi menjadi tiga bagian dari anterior ke posterior.
Bagian-bagian itu adalah caput, thorax dan abdomen. Caput dilengkapi dengan
antenna dan mata, menyempit untuk selanjutnya membentuk leher yang pendek dan
sempit. Bagian thorax terdiri dari tiga segmen yang dilengkapi dengan tiga
pasang kaki dan dua pasang sayap. Bagian paling posterior adalah abdomen
terdiri atas 10 buah segmen. </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Seluruh permukaan tubuh tertutup dengan kutikula dari kitin yang menebal
pada caput, beberapa bagian dari thorax dan bagian anterior sepasang sayap.
Pada kedua sisi caput terdapat mata majemuk, reniform, berwarna hitam tepat
dibawah mata terdapat cekungan, dari situ terdapat antenna yang panjang. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Alat mulut pada kecoa terdiri dari labrum bagian yang berupa lembaran lebar,
dapat digerakkan, terletak median, tidak sepasang membentuk bibir atas. Bagian
yang kedua dari mulut adalah mandibula yang berada dibawah genae dan bersendi,
dan gerakan mandibula adalah horizontal serupa udang. Bagian ketiga dari mulut
kecoa adalah maxilaris yang terletak dibelakang mandibula.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 42.5pt;">
<span lang="ES" style="mso-ansi-language: ES;">Mata pada hewan ini terdiri atas sepasang mata majemuk dan satu mata
tunggal. Kecoa memiliki antenna yang panjang dan juga memiliki dua pasang sayap
yang licin. Hewan ini juga memiliki kaki yang terdiri dari tiga pasang kaki
yaitu 2 pasang kaki depan dan sepasang kaki belakang.</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br /><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-51923285316605156042015-06-26T18:17:00.001-07:002015-06-26T18:23:46.514-07:00MOLLUSCA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN">PHYLLUM
MOLLUSCA</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pengertian Mollusca</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mollusca
berasal dari bahasa latin yaitu <i>molluscus</i> yang artinya lunak. Jadi </span><a href="http://aditya-pandhu.blogspot.com/2010/05/phylum-mollusca.html" title="Filum Molusca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Filum Mollusca</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah kelompok hewan invertebrata yang
memiliki tubuh lunak. Tubuh lunaknya itu dilindungi oleh cangkang, meskipun ada
juga yang tidak bercangkang. Mollusca yang sudah tidak asing lagi bagi kita
adalah siput. Siput merupakan salah satu mollusca yang termasuk ke dalam kelas
gastropoda. yaitu berjalan dengan menggunakan perutnya. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mollusca terdiri dari tiga bagian
utama yaitu:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i><span lang="IN">Kaki</span></i><span lang="IN"><br />
Kaki merupakan perpanjangan/penjuluran dari bagian Ventral tubuh yang berotot.
Kaki berfungsi untuk bergerak. Pada sebagian mollusca kaki telah termodifikasi
menjadi tentakel yang berfungsi untuk menangkap mangsa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i><span lang="IN">Massa Viseral</span></i><span lang="IN"><br />
Massa viseral adalah bagian tubuh yang lunak dari mollusca. Di dalam massa
viseral terdapat organ-organ seperti organ pencernaan, ekskresi, dan reproduksi.
Massa viseral dilindungi oleh mantel. </span></div>
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<span lang="IN"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i><span lang="IN">Mantel</span></i><span lang="IN"><br />
Mantel adalah jaringan tebal yang melindungi massa viseral. Mantel membentuk
suatu rongga yang disebut rongga mantel. Di dalam rongga mantel berisi cairan.
Cairan tersebut adalah tempat lubang insang, lubang ekskresi dan anus.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN">Sistem syaraf mollusca terdiri dari
cincin syaraf. Sistem syaraf ini mengelilingi esofagus dengan serabut saraf
yang menyebar. Sistem pencernaan mollusca sudah terbilang lengkap terdiri dari
mulut, esofagus, lambung, usus, dan anus. Mollusca juga memiliki lidah
bergerigi yang berfungsi untuk melumatkan makanan. Lidah bergerigi itu disebut
radula.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN">Mollusca hidup secara heterotrof dengan
memakan organisme lain. Misalnya ganggan, ikan, ataupun mollusca lainnya.
Mollusca hidup di air maupun di darat. Mollusca yang hidup di air contohnya
sotong dan gurita. Sedangkan yang hidup di darat contohnya siput. Mollusca yang
hidup di air bernafas dengan insang yang berada pada rongga mantel. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mollusca
bereproduksi secara seksual. pada umumnya organ reproduksi jantan dan betina
pada umumnya terpisah pada individu lain (gonokoris). Namun, meski begitu jenis
siput tertentu ada yang bersifat Hermafrodit. Fertilisasi dilakukan secara
internal ataupun eksternal sehingga menghasilkan telur. Telur tersebut berkembang
menjadi larva dan pada akhirnya akan menjadi mollusca dewasa.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Karakteristik Mollusca</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Moluska adalah anggota dari filum
sangat besar dan beragam aminals invertebrata yang dikenal sebagai mollusca.
filum menyediakan beberapa hewan paling akrab, termasuk univalves (kelas
Gastropoda), bivalvia (kelas Bivalvia) dan cephalopoda (kelas cephalopoda).
Filum mollusca juga termasuk kurang dikenal froms menyedot sebagai Chitons
(kelas Polyplacophora) dan gading menjual (kelas Scaphopoda), antara lain.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The mollusca dari sektor Antartika
dan sub-Antartika Samudra selatan dijelaskan cukup baik, sedikit pun beberapa
1.200 moluska diidentifikasi dari daerah, yang didominasi oleh gastropoda
diikuti oleh bivalvia (Lince et al. 2006). Sampai saat ini kita tahu kira-kira
tujuh puluh enam morfospesies molluscan dari lima kelas dari wilayah HIMMI.
banyak di antaranya terlalu kecil untuk ditangkap sebagai bycatch dan hanya
taksa yang lebih besar seperti cumi, siput besar atau kerang akan akrab bagi
pengamat. Namun penting untuk membuat pengamat menyadari Divercity moluska
mereka cenderung encounther.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mollusca adalah hewan lunak dan
tidak memiliki ruas. Tubuh hewan ini tripoblastik { </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mempunyai
3 lapisan lembaga, yaitu ektoderm (lapisan luar), mesoderm (lapisan tengah) dan
endoderm (lapisan dalam) }, bilateral simetri, umumnya memiliki mantelyang
dapat menghasilkan bahan cangkok berupa kalsium karbonat. Cangkok tersebut
berfungsi sebagai rumah (rangka luar) yang terbuat dari zat kapur misalnya
kerang tiram, siput sawah dan bekicot.(Drs. Adun Rusyana, M.Pd. : 86)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cangkok
kerang ini terdiri dari dua belahan, sedangkan cangkok siput berbentuk seperti
kerucut yang melingkar. Perbedaan lainnya, kaki siput tipis dan rata. Fungsinya
adalah untuk berjalan dengan cara kontraksiotot. (Drs. Adun Rusyana, M.Pd. :
87).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mollusca
mempunyai alat pencernaan yang sempurna mulai dari mulut yang mempunyai radula
(lidah perut) sampai dengan anus terbuka didaerah rongga mantel. Pernapasan
dilakukan dengan menggunakan insang atau “paru-paru”, mantel atau oleh bagian
epidermis. Alat eksresi berupa ginjal. Sistem syaraf terdiri atas tiga pasang
ganglion yaitu ganglion cerebral, ganglion visceral dan ganglion pedal yang
ketiganyadi hubungkan oleh tali-tali saraf longitudinal. (Drs. Adun Rusyana, M.Pd.
: 87). </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri- Ciri Phyllum Mollusca</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN">Mollusca
merupakan hewan dengan bertubuh lunak, biasanya badan ditutupi oleh cangkang
atau concha. Ciri-ciri umum tidak bersegmen, bileteral simetri, triplobastik,
tubuh lunak, dilindungi pallium (mantel) bagian tubuh anterior adalah kepala,
bagian ventral adalah kaki muskuler dan bagian dorsal adalah masa viscera,
saluran pencernaan makanan lengkap dengan gladula digestoria dan glandula
salivaria, mulut dilengkapi dengan radula. Saluran pencernaan makanan kadang-kadang
mengalami torsi, respirasi dengan insang, paru-paru (dalam cavum palii), hidup
terestrial atau aquatik.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN">Yang
termasuk dalam Phylum Mollusca ini antara lain : siput, tiram, bekicot,
cumi-cumi, dan sebagainya. Prinsip tubuhnya bilateral simetris, tidak beruas-ruas,
dan mempunyai cangkang dari CaCO<sub>3</sub>. Tubuh kerang, kepah dan siput
biasanya tersimpan di dalam cangkok, sehingga tidak tampak dari luar. Bila
keadaan aman, tubuh dijulurkan keluar dan yang tampak pertama kali adalah
kakinya, dan kaki tersebut untuk berjalan atau berenang. Antara tubuh dan
cangkok terdapat suatu bungkus yang disebut mantel. Diantara mantel dan tubuh
terdapat suatu rongga mantel. Biasanya anus terbuka pada rongga tersebut.
Sedangkan tubuh cumi-cumi tidak tersimpan dalam cangkok, cangkoknya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>terdapat dalam tubuh sebagai penguat. Mantel
pembungkus alat-alat jerohan (viceral). </span></div>
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<span lang="IN">Mollusca
tersebar luas dalam habitat laut, air tawar dan darat. Tetapi lebih banyak
terdapat di lautan. Mollusca mempunyai sistem digesti, respirasi, ekskresi dan
reproduksi yang kompleks.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span lang="IN">Mollusca
berdasarkan simetri, kaki cangkok, mantel, insang dan sistem sarafnya terbagi
atas lima kelas, yaitu :</span></div>
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<span lang="IN"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Amphineura, contoh : <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chiton</i>. Tubuhnya bilateral simetri, cangkok terdiri atas 8 kepingan
kapur yang mempunyai banyak serabut- serabut insang yang berlapis- lapis.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN">Gastropoda, contoh : Siput,
bekicot dan lain-lain.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN">Scapopoda, cangkok seperti kerucut
atau tanduk. Ujung cangkok berlubang dan bermantel.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in .75in left 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN">Cephalopoda, contoh : Cumi-cumi,
Gurita, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nautilus</i> dan sebagainya.
Tubuhnya bilateral, kakinya berubah menjadi lengan yang beralat penghisap.
Sistem syarafnya berkembang dipusatkan di kepala.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .75in; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in .75in left 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN">Pelecypoda, contoh : Kerang,
Tiram, Kepah, Remis dan sebagainya. Tubuhnya bilateral simetris. Cangkok
terdiri atas 2 bagian yang dihubungkan oleh engsel dan mantel, juga terbagi
atas dua bagian.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.5pt;">
<span lang="IN">Bentuk cangkang siput pada umumnya seperti kerucut dan
tabung yang melingkar seperti konde (gelung, whorl). Puncak kerucut merupakan
bagian yang tertua, disebut apex. Sumbu kerucut disebut columella. Aperture
ialah bukan cangkang, tempat tersembunyinya kepala dan kaki. Bila aperture
dihadapkan pada kita dengan apex (puncak) keatas, dinamakan dekstral, apabila
aperture di sebelah kanan, dan disebut sinisial apabila apeture disebelah kir.
Lapisan kalsium karbonat terdiri atas 3 lapisan/lebih, yang terluar adalah
prismatik, palisade, lapisan tenga/lamella dan paling dalam adalah lapisan
nacre/hypostracum. Lapisan prismatik terdiri atas kristal calcyte yang tersusun
vertikal, masing-masing diseliputi matrik protein yang tipis. Pada telapak kaki
gastropoda terdapat cilia dan berbagai sel kelenjar. Kelenjar pada kaki
menghasilkan lendir yang berguna untuk merayap pada subtrat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Cangk</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ang</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> kerang ini terdiri dari dua belahan, sedangkan
cangkok siput berbentuk</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">seperti kerucut yang melingkar. Perbedaan lainnya,
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kontraksi otot. Lain halnya dengan</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">kerang yang mempunyai kaki seperti mata kapak yang
dipergunakan untuk berjalan</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">di lumpur atau pasir. Sementara itu cumi-cumi dan
sotong tidak punya cangkok,</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">kakinya terletak di bagian kepala yang berfungsi
untuk menangkap mangsa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<i><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mollusca </span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">memiliki alat pencernaan sempurna mulai dari mulut
yang mempunyai</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">radula
(lidah parut) sampai dengan anus terbuka di daerah rongga mantel. Disamping itu
juga terdapat kelenjar pencernaan yang sudah berkembang baik.</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Peredaran darah
terbuka ini terjadi pada semua kelas <i>Mollusca </i>kecuali kelas</span><span lang="IN"> </span><i><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Cephalopoda</span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pernafasan
dilakukan dengan menggunakan insang atau “paru-paru”, mantel atau</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">oleh bagian
epidermis. Alat ekskresi berupa ginjal. Sistem saraf terdiri atas tiga</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">pasang ganglion
yaitu ganglion cerebral, ganglion visceral dan ganglion pedal</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">yang ketiganya
dihubungkan oleh tali-tali saraf longitudinal. Alat reproduksi</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">umumnya terpisah
atau bersatu dan pembuahan internal atau eksternal.</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Berdasarkan simetri tubuh, ciri kaki dan
cangkoknya,</span><span lang="IN"> </span><i><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mollusca
</span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">dibagi menjadi lima kelas, yaitu kelas <i>Gastropoda,
Cephalopoda, Bivalvia</i></span><span lang="IN"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">atau <i>Pelecypoda, Amphineura </i>dan kelas <i>Scaphopoda</i>.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Klasifikasi Phylum Mollusca</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kelas
Gastropoda</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gastropoda </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">merupakan
kelas <i>Mollusca </i>yang terbesa</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">dan
populer. Ada sekitar 50.000 jenis/spesies <i>Gastropoda </i>yang masih hidup</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">dan 15.000
jenis yang telah menjadi fosil. Karena banyaknya jenis <i>Gastropoda</i>,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">maka hewan
ini mudah ditemukan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sebagian
besar <i>Gastropoda </i>mempunyai cangkok (rumah) dan berbentuk</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">kerucut
terpilin (spiral). Bentuk tubuhnya sesuai dengan bentuk cangkok.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Padahal
waktu larva, bentuk tubuhnya simetri bilateral. Namun ada pula</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gastropoda </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">yang tidak
memiliki cangkok, sehingga sering disebut siput</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">telanjang (<i>vaginula</i>).
Hewan ini terdapat di laut dan ada pula yang hidup di</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">darat.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kenapa hewan
ini disebut <i>Gastropoda</i>? <i>Gaster </i>artinya perut, dan <i>podos</i></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">artinya kaki. Jadi <i>Gastropoda </i>adalah hewan yang bertubuh
lunak, berjalan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">dengan
perut yang dalam hal ini disebut kaki. Gerakan <i>Gastropoda </i>disebablan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">oleh
kontraksi-kontraksi otot seperti gelombang, dimulai dari belakang menjalar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ke depan.
Pada waktu bergerak, kaki bagian depan memiliki kelenjar untuk</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">menghasilkan
lendir yang berfungsi untuk mempermudah berjalan, sehingga</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">jalannya
meninggalkan bekas. Hewan ini dapat bergerak secara</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">mengagumkan,
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tanpa teriris.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Pernafasan bagi <i>Gastropoda
</i>yang hidup di darat menggunakan paru-paru, sedangkan <i>Gastropoda </i>yang
hidup di air, bernafas dengan insang. Alat ekskresi berupa sebuah ginjal yang
terletak dekat jantung. Hasil ekskresi dikeluarkan ke dalam rongga mantel.
Sistem peredaran darah adalah sistem peredaran darah terbuka. Jantung terdiri
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terdiri atas tiga buah ganglion utama yakni ganglion otak (ganglion cerebral),
ganglion visceral atau ganglion organ-organ dalam dan ganglion kaki (pedal).
Ketiga ganglion utama ini dihubungkan oleh tali saraf longitudinal, sedangkan
tali saraf longitudinal ini dihubungkan oleh saraf <i>transversal </i>ke seluruh
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bergabung atau disebut juga <i>ovotestes. Gastropoda </i>adalah hewan <i>hemafrodit,
</i>tetapi tidak mampu melakukan <i>autofertilisasi</i>. Beberapa contoh <i>Gastropoda
</i>adalah bekicot (<i>Achatina fulica</i>), siput air tawar (<i>Lemnaea
javanica</i>), siput laut (<i>Fissurella sp</i>), dan siput perantara
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C</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ephalopoda</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
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oleh cangkokj, kecuali Nautillus. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">C</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">umi-cumi (Loligo),
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gurita (Octopus) disebut jenis Cephalopoda</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Cephalopoda</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">(cephale :
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table.MsoNormalTable
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</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Gurita memiliki 8 tentakel. Kaki</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">(tentakel)
ini berfungsi sebagai</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">tangan
untuk mencari, merasa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">dan
menangkap makanan. Cumicumi,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">sotong dan
gurita adalah</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">contoh hewan kelas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Cephalopoda.
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhatikan gambar cumi-cumi di atas.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tubuh cumi-cumi dibedakan atas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">kepala.
Leher dan badan. Di</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">depan
kepala terdapat mata yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">besar dan
tidak berkelopak. Mata</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ini
berfungsi sebagai alat untuk</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">melihat.
Masih di dekat kepala</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">terdapat <i>sifon
</i>atau corong berotot</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">yang
berfungsi sebagai kemudi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jika ia
ingin bergerak ke belakang,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">sifon </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">akan
menyempurnakan air</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">ke arah
depan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">. </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sedangkan gerakan
maju ke depan</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">menggunakan sirip dan
tentakelnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span lang="IN"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sistem pembuluh darah cumi-cumi adalah
sistem pembuluh darah tertutup,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">jadi darah
seluruhnya mengalir di dalam pembuluh darah. Hewan ini bernafas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">dengan
insang yang terdapat di rongga mantel. Sedangkan ekskresi dilakukan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">dengan
ginjal. Alat reproduksinya terpisah, masing-masing dengan <i>gonad </i>yang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">terletak
dekat ujung rongga mantel.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sistem pencernaan makanan terdiri atas:
mulut, faring, kerongkongan,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">lambung,
usus buntu, usus dan anus. Juga dilengkapi dengan kelenjar</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">pencernaan
yaitu kelenjar ludah, hati dan pankreas. Makanan cumi-cumi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">berupa
ikan, udang dan <i>Mollusca </i>lainnya.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 3. Kelas </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Bivalvia
atau Pelecypoda</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Kerang yang hidup di laut dan</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">remis yang hidup di air tawar
adalah contoh kelas <i>Bivalvia</i>. Hewan <i>Bivalvia</i></span><i><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></i><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">bisa hidup di air tawar,
dasar laut, danau, kolam, atau sungai yang lainnya</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">banyak mengandung zat kapur.
Zat kapur ini digunakan untuk membuat</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">cangkoknya.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Hewan ini memiliki dua kutub (<i>bi </i>=
dua, <i>valve </i>= kutub) yang dihubungkan oleh</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">semacam
engsel, sehingga disebut <i>Bivalvia</i>. Kelas ini mempunyai dua</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">cangkok
yang dapat membuka dan menutup dengan menggunakan otot</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">aduktor
dalam tubuhnya. Cangkok ini berfungsi untuk melindungi tubuh.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Cangkok di
bagian dorsal tebal dan di bagian ventral tipis. Kepalanya tidak</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">nampak dan
kakinya berotot. Fungsi kaki untuk merayap dan menggali lumpur</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">atau pasir.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 4. Kelas </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Amphineura</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Hewan Mollusca kelas Amphineura ini hidup
di laut dekat pantai atau di pantai.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Tubuhnya
bilateral simetri, dengan kaki di bagian perut (ventral) memanjang.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ruang
mantel dengan permukaan dorsal, tertutup oleh 8 papan berkapur,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">sedangkan
permukaan lateral mengandung banyak insang.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Hewan ini bersifat hermafrodit
(berkelamin dua), fertilisasi eksternal</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">(pertemuan
sel teur dan sperma terjadi di luar tubuh). Contohnya Cryptochiton</span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">sp atau kiton. Hewan ini juga
mempunyai fase larva trokoper.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> 5. Kelas </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Scaphopoda</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div>
<i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dentalium vulgare </span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">adalah salah satu contoh
kelas <i>Scaphopoda</i>. Jika Anda berjalan-jalan di pantai, hati-hati dengan
cangkang jenis <i>Scaphopoda </i>ini. Karena biasanya hewan ini tumbuh di batu
atau benda laut lainnya yang berbaris menyerupai taring. </span><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #231f20; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Peran Mollusca bagi Manusia</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #231f20; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Hewan ini memiliki kandungan protein
yang tinggi. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hewan ini juga bisa</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #231f20; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">dibudidayakan dan andapun bisa
memelihara hewan ini seperti: tutut, bekicot</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #231f20; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">atau keong dapat dipelihara di kolam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #231f20; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Selain sebagai bahan makanan yang
bergizi, cangkok hewan ini bisa dimanfaatkan untuk membuat hiasan dinding,
perhiasan wanita, atau dibuat kancing. Ada pula yang suka mengumpulkan berbagai
macam cangkang <i>Mollusca </i>untuk koleksi atau perhiasan. Bahkan ada cangkang
<i>Mollusca </i>yang digunakan untuk bahan mainan, seperti kuwuk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #231f20; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Sejak abad ke-17 mutiara merupakan
barang perhiasan mewah yang diburu kaum jutawan dan harganya cukup mahal. </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #231f20; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mutiara dihasilkan dari tiram mutiara seperti <i>Pinctada
margaritifer </i>dan <i>Pinctada mertensi </i>dari kelas <i>Pelecypoda
(Bivalvia</i>).</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #231f20; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Mutiara
ini ada yang dihasilkan secara alami, dan adapula yang dibudidayakan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-hyphenate: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #231f20; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Saat ini banyak orang yang
membudidayakan tiram untuk menghasilkan mutiara. Caranya, benda asing (kerikil,
pasir atau arang) dimasukkan diantara mantel dan cangkok tiram. Ketika benda
asing itu ada di tubuhnya, tiram berusaha mengeluarkan dengan cara
membungkusnya dengan lendir. Lendir ini akhrinya mengeras dan menjadi mutiara. </span></div>
<br />
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-68953724095455936512015-06-26T17:44:00.001-07:002015-06-26T17:44:26.548-07:00PORIFERA<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV">Porifera berasal
dari bahasa latin, <i>porus </i>= lubang
kecil, dan <i>ferre</i> = membawa atau
mempunyai. Jadi porifera adalah hewan berpori. Porifera mewakili hewan-hewan
primitif yang bersimetri radial atau asimetris dan menyimpang dari garis utama
evolusi metazoa yang disebut parazoa. Hewan ini hidup di laut, beberapa di air
tawar tidak aktif, tidak bertangkai, memiliki banyak pori dan sistem pencernaan
berlangsung secara interseluller.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV">Tubuh porifera
masih diorganisasi pada tingkat seluler, yang berarti tersusun atas sel-sel
yang cenderung bekerja secara mandiri, masih belum ada koordinasi antara sel
satu dengan sel lainnya. Bentuk tubuhnya sangat bervariasi, ada yang menyerupai
kipas, jambangan bunga, batang, globular, genta, terompet dan lainya. Hewan
porifera sebagian besar berbentuk koloni yang sering tampak tidak teratur, sehingga
tampak seperti tumbuhan. Warna tubuh porifera bermacam-macam. Misalnya warna
kelabu, putih, keruh, coklat, jingga, hijau dan lain-lain. Warna tubuhnya pun
sering berubah sesuai kondisi tempat sinar, warna itupun diperkuat atau
diperlemah oleh warna lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="ES">Porifera memiliki
ciri-ciri khusus yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Tubuh memilki banyak pori, yang merupakan awal dari system kanal
(saluran air) yang menghubungkan lingkungan eksternal dengan lingkungan
internal.</span><span lang="ES"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="SV">Tubuh tidak dilengkapai dengan apendiks
dan bagian yang dapat digerakkan.</span><span lang="ES"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Belum memiliki saluran pencernaan makanan.</span><span lang="ES"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 63.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="ES">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Tubuh porifera dilengkapi dengan kerangka dalam yang tersusun atas
bentuk Kristal dari spikula-spikula atau bahan fiber yang terbuat dari bahan
organik.</span><span lang="ES"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="SV">Sistem pencernaan berlangsung
secara interseluler. Tubuhnya memiliki penyokong yang terdiri dari
spikula-spikula atau bahan serabut yang terbuat dari bahan organik.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span lang="ES">Porifera berkembang biak
secara seksual (generatif) dan aseksual (vegetatif). Secara aseksual dilakukan
dengan membentuk kuncup (tunas), atau dengan cara lain yaitu dengan membentuk
gemula. </span><span lang="SV">Sedang secara seksual
dilakukan dengan peleburan sel telur dengan sperma. Sel telur dan sperma
berkembang dari sel amoeboid yang disebut <i>arkeosit.</i></span><br />
<br />
<span lang="SV"><i><span lang="EN-US">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span></span><i><span lang="EN-US">Microciona sp.</span></i></i></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RIR96GPY4Rg/VY3xfiGBfFI/AAAAAAAAAc4/j-njGMy0zPE/s1600/IMG_1678.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RIR96GPY4Rg/VY3xfiGBfFI/AAAAAAAAAc4/j-njGMy0zPE/s1600/IMG_1678.JPG" /></a></div>
<span lang="SV"><i><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i>
</i></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Klasifikasi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Kingdom: Animalia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 31.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -4.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Phylum : Porifera.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Classis : Demospongiae.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Ordo :
Poeciloclerina.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Familia : Microcionidae.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Genus :
Microciona.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Spesies : <i>Microciona</i> sp.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">(</span>Rusyana, Adun . 2011<span lang="EN-US">)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Ciri-ciri : Mempunyai kerangka tubuh yang tersusun atas
berbagai bentuk spicula dan kadang-kadang juga spongin. Microciona termasuk
koloni laut yang banyak ditemukan di</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">laut. Berbentuk seperti batu kerang dan mengeras
dalam tempat yang dangkal atau bagian air laut yang dalam. Ciri-ciri yang dapat
dikenali dari hewan ini adalah bentuk bersemak-semak</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">dengan cabang yang
panjang. Hidupnya berkoloni di air yang dalam</span>, <span lang="EN-US">warnanya
merah cerah. Hewan ini memiliki tubuh
lunak dan lembek, bercabang seperti ranting, didalam air berkembang dan
bertambah panjang hingga 15 cm, tidak mempunyai rangka, walaupun ada
yang
mempunyai rangka, rangka itu hanya terdiri dari serabut-serabut spongin
dengan
spikula dari kersik, serta memiliki
sistem saluran yang rumit. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Kelompok Porifera ini belum mempunyai sistem saraf, </span>namun<span lang="EN-US"> apabila mendapatkan
rangsang</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">berupa sentuhan, terutama pada daerah oskulum, maka rangsang
tersebut akan diteruskan dari sel ke sel secara lambat. Tetapi untuk sistem
pencernaannya masih sangat sederhana dan berlangsung secara intrasel,
gerakannya seperti pada aliran air, air yang membawa makanan biasanya berupa
plankton dan oksigen yang terlarut. Makanan tersebut ditangkap oleh sel leher
kemudian dicerna dalam vakuola dan sari-sarinya akan diangkut oleh sel-sel
amoebosit dan diedarkan ke seluruh tubuh, sedangkan sisa makanannya dikeluarkan
melalui sel leher ke dalam air melalui spongoso</span>l.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<i><span lang="SV">Microciona</span></i><span lang="SV"> sp </span><span lang="SV">memiliki kerangka tubuh yang tersusun atas
berbagai bentuk spikula dan kadang-kadang juga spongin. Spikula tersebut adalah
kristal-kristal berbentuk duri panjang, merupakan hasil sekresi dari bentuk
sel-sel spongioblast dan merupakan sel-sel khusus dari mesenchym. Bentuknya
seperti tumbuhan panjang. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Kelompok yang paling penting dan ekonomis dari</span> kelas<span lang="EN-US"> demospongians untuk
manusia adalah sponge yang digunakan untuk mandi. Sponge jenis ini dipanen oleh
penyelam dan juga dapat ditanam secara komersial. Sponge ini di bleaching
kemudian dipasarkan, sponge jenis ini memiliki spongin sehingga mampu
memberikan kelembutan dan daya serap.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span lang="EN-US">2.<i> </i></span><i>Euspongia </i>sp</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BpJDWcSkNfI/VY3xpsr8gLI/AAAAAAAAAdA/_KkbJye87NU/s1600/20150402_133535.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BpJDWcSkNfI/VY3xpsr8gLI/AAAAAAAAAdA/_KkbJye87NU/s1600/20150402_133535.jpg" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Klasifikasi : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Kingdom : Animalia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Phylum :
Porifera.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; tab-stops: 72.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Classis : Demospongiae.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Ordo :
Keratosa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Familia :
Euspongidae.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Genus :
Euspongia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Spesies : <i>Euspongia
</i>sp<i>.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">( Sumber : Jasin Maskoeri. 1984 )</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span lang="ES">Hewan porifera ini hidup di
laut pada kedalaman tertentu, bertubuh lunak, tidak mempuyai rangka, walaupun
ada hanya terdiri dari serabut-serabut spongin dengan dari kersik, kebanyakan ditemukan dilaut dan
mempunyai pori-pori disetiap tubuhnya.</span><span lang="SV">Bertulang lunak dan tidak memilki spikula. Kerangka tubuhnya khusus terbentuk
dari bahan sponging. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span lang="SV">Ciri-ciri : mempunyai spongia
yang lebih kasar, tidak berspekula kerangka tubuhnya khusus terbentuk dari
bahan spongin. </span><span lang="EN-US">Merupakan binatang sponsa yang dipakai
untuk alat penggosok pada waktu mandi.</span><span lang="ES-UY">Merupakan organisme multiseluler, bentuk tubuh seperti tabung atau
jambangan bunga dan permukaan tubuhnya berpori. Pori tersebut dinamakan ostium
(jamak: ostia) mempunyai saluran yang menghubungkannya dengan rongga tubuh
(spongocol). Di ujung tubuh terdapat lubang yang disebut oskulum. Fungsi
saluran ostia-spongocoal-oskulum adalah sebagai saluran air yang membawa bahan
makanan untuk porifera</span>.<span lang="ES-UY">Reproduksi vegetatif dilakukan
dengan pembentukan kuncup/ tunas, reproduksi generatif dilakukan dengan
fertilisasi 2 macam gamet. Porifera bersifat hermafrodit (dalam satu
individuterdapat 2 macam alat kelamin). Tubuh porifera memiliki daya regenerasi
yang tinggi. Habitatnya di air laut dan melekat di dasar laut (polip).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">3.<i> Hippospongia </i></span><span lang="EN-US">sp.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ac8aksFUilI/VY3xyxLlUHI/AAAAAAAAAdI/JGN9aPi2Ttw/s1600/IMG_1673.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ac8aksFUilI/VY3xyxLlUHI/AAAAAAAAAdI/JGN9aPi2Ttw/s320/IMG_1673.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Kingdom : Animalia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Phylum :
Porifera.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Classis :
Demospongiae.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Ordo :
Keratosa.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Familia :
Hipposngiadae.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Genus :
Hippospongiae.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">Spesies : <i>Hippospongia</i>
sp.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US">( Sumber : Jasin, Maskoeri. 1984 )</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-US"> Kerangka tubuh khusus
terbentuk dari bahan spongin, ditutupi oleh membran tipis yang gelap yang
memiliki banyak ruang berflagel. </span><span lang="SV">Skeleton terdiri dari serabut spongin, jaringan tidak teratur tanpa
spikula. Saluran air tipe leukon dimana air dari ostium masuk melalui saluran
menuju ke rongga-rongga yang di batasi koanosit. Dari rongga ini air melalui
berbagai saluran lagi menuju ke spongocol dan akhirnya keluar menuju oskolom.
Hewan ini biasanya di temukan di atas dasar karang dengan kedalaman 10-15 m.
Berbentuk seperti batu dengan banyak celah. Porifera ini hidup di dasar laut,
tidak memiliki spikula dan bertubuh lunak. Kerangka tubuhnya dari sponging.</span><span lang="SV"> </span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<span lang="EN-US"> </span><i>Hippospongia</i>
b<span lang="EN-US">ertulang lunak
karena tidak memiliki rangka, kalau ada yang memiliki rangka terdiri dari
serabut spongin dengan spikula dari silikat atau spongia saja. Tubuhnya
berwarna cerah karena mengandung pigmen </span>dimana<span lang="EN-US"> terdapat pada amoebosit. Fungsi warna diduga
untuk melindungi tubuhnya dari sinar matahari. Bentuk tubuhnya tidak beraturan
dan bercabang. Tinggi dan diameternya ada yang mencapai lebih dari 1 meter. Seluruh
</span><i>hippospongia</i><span lang="EN-US"> memiliki saluran air tipe
Leukonoid. Habitat</span>nya pada <span lang="EN-US">umumnya di laut dalam </span>ataupun<span lang="EN-US"> dangkal, meskipun ada </span>beberapa<span lang="EN-US"> di air tawar.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><i>Hippospongi</i>a ini <span lang="EN-US">merupakan kelas
terbesar yang mencakup 90% dari seluruh jenis porifera</span> dan <span lang="EN-US">satu-satunya kelompok
porifera yang anggotanya ada yang hidup di air </span>tawar.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-43486185496921758632015-06-26T17:28:00.000-07:002015-06-26T17:28:06.023-07:00ECHINODERMATA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="Section1">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phylum
Echinodermata terdiri atas 5 kelas yaitu : Asteridea, Echinoidea, Ophiuroidea,
Holoturoidea, Crinoidea. Yang kita pelajari adalah kelas Asteroidea dengan
contoh <i>Asterias</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Secara umum pada Echinodermata tubuh terdiri atas bagian oral dan aboral,
memiliki sistem vaskuler (sistem Ambulakral), umumnya lengan berjumlah 5,
Asterias tubuhnya dilindungi oleh duri-duri.Hewan ini mempunyai bentuk yang
khas dan panjangnya bisa mencapai 1 mm.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Echinodermata berasal dari bahasa Yunani, yaitu “Echinos” yang berarti duri dan
“Derma” yang berarti kulit. Jadi Echinodermata merupakan hewan yang kulitnya
berduri. Hewan ini meliputi :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.
Bintang laut (Kelas Asteroidea)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.
Bintang ular (Kelas Ophiuroidea)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.
Landak laut (Kelas Echinoidea)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.
Lilia laut (Kelas Crinoidea)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.
Tripang laut (Kelas Holoturoidea)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
Seluruh hewan Echinodermata adalah simetri radial dan sebagian besar memiliki
penguat tubuh dari zat kapur dengan tonjolan-tonjolan duri. Hewan ini hidup di
pantai dan didalam laut sampai kedalaman kurang lebih 366 m, sebagian hidup
bebas, hanya gerakannnya lamban, tidak ada yang parasit. Merupakan hewan
pemakan sampah-sampah laut, sehingga laut menjadi bersih. Phylum Echinodermata
ditempatkan pada akhir deretan phylum dalam Invertebrata karena tidak Nampak
memiliki hubungan kekerabatan dengan Invertebrata lainnya.</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri-ciri
Echinodermata secara rinci adalah :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.
Simetri radial pada hewan yang telah dewasa, memiliki 5 bagian, sedang larvanya
simetri bilateral; memiliki 3 jaringan dasar, sebagian besar alatnya bersilia,
tidak memiliki kepala dan otak, tidak bersegmen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.
Permukaan tubuh yang umumnya simetri radia, memiliki kaki buluh atau kaki
ambulakral.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.
Tubuh terbungkus oleh epidermis yang halus dengan disokong oleh penguat berupa
kepingan kapur yang disebut laminae atau ossicula yang mudah digerakkan atau
tidak mudah digerakkan, dengan pola yang tetap, sering memiliki duri-duri kapur
yang halus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.
Saluran pencernaan sederhana, biasanya lengkap (beberapa jenis tidak memliki
anus).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.
Memiliki sistem sirkulasi radial yang mengalami reduksi; coelom dilapisi oleh
peritonium bersilia ; rongga coelom biasanya luas dan berisi
amoebocyt-amoebocyt bebas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.
Respirasi dilakukan dengan insang kecil atau papulae yang tersembul dari coelom
dan beberapa jenis Echinodermata bernapas dengan menggunakan kaki ambulakral,
sedang pada Holoturoidea menggunakan batang-batang seperti pohon yang terdapat
dalam cloaca.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.
Sistem syaraf dengan batang cincin yang bercabang-cabang kearah radial. Seks
terpisah dengan beberapa perkecualian.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa species vivipar, beberapa
berkembang biak dengan aseksual yaitu dengan pembelahan sel; memilki daya
regenerasi yang besar sekali, bila terdapat bagian yang rusakatau terlepas.
Pada sekitar dasar duri terdapat bentuk jepitan pada ujungnya dan disebut
Pedicellaria. Pada salah satu bagian antara dua bagian tubuh radial atau lengan
terdapat lempeng saringan madreporit sebagai tempat masuknya air dalam sistem
vaskular air atau ambulakral. Pada tiap alur ambulacral terdapat 2 deret atau 4
deret kaki-kaki. Saluran pencernaan sederhana, biasanya lengkap (beberapa jenis
tidak memiliki anus). Memiliki sistem sirkulasi radial yang mengalami reduksi;
coelom dilapisi oleh peritonium bersilia; rongga coelom biasanya luas dan
berisi amoebocyt-amoebocyt bebas. Respirasi dilakukan dengan insang kecil atau
papulae yang tersembul dari coelom; beberapa jenis Echinodermata bernafas
dengan kaki ambulakral. Sistem syaraf dengan batang cincin yang
bercabang-cabang ke arah radial.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelas Asteroidea merupakan spesies
Echinodermata yang paling banyak jumlahnya, yaitu sekitar 1.600 spesies.
Asteroidea juga sering disebut bintang laut. Bintang laut umumnya memiliki lima
lengan, tetapi kadang-kadang lebih yang memanjang dari suatu cakram pusat.
Permukaan bagian bawah lengan itu memiliki kaki tabung yang dapat bertindak
seperti cakram untuk menyedot. Bintang laut mengkoordinasi kaki tabung tersebut
untuk melekat di batuan dan merangkak secara perlahan-lahan sementara kaki
tabung tersebut memanjang, mencengkeram, berkontraksi, melemas, memajang,
kemudian mencengkeram lagi. Bintang laut menggunakan kaki tabungnya untuk
menjerat mangsanya seperti remis dan tiram. Lengan bintang laut mengapit
bipalpia yang menutup, kemudian mengeluarkan lambungnya melalui mulut dan
memasukkannya ke dalam celah sempit bivalvia kemudian mengekresikan getah
pencernaan dan mencerna bivalvia di dalam cangkangnya. Tubuh Asteroidea
memiliki duri tumpul dan pendek. Duri tersebut ada yang termodifikasi menjadi
bentuk seperti catut yang disebut Pediselaria. Fungsi pediselaria adalah untuk
menangkap makanan serta melindungi permukaan tubuh dari kotoran. Pada bagian
tubuh dengan mulut disebut bagian oral, sedangkan bagian tubuh dengan lubang
anus disebut aboral. Pada hewan ini, kaki ambulakral selain untuk bergerak juga
merupakan alat pengisap sehingga dapat melekat kuat pada suatu dasar.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem ambulakral Asteroidea terdiri
dari :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.
Medreporit adalah lempengan berpori pada permukaan cakram pusat dibagian dorsal
tubuh.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.
Saluran cincin terdapat di rongga tubuh cakram pusat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">c.
Saluran radial merupakan cabang saluran cincin ke setiap lengan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d.
Kaki ambulakral merupakan juluran saluran radial yang keluar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asteroidea juga terdapat papilla
derma yaitu penonjolan rongga tubuh yang berguna untuk pertukaran gas.
Asteroidea dapat beregenerasi jika tangannya patah, contoh <i>Allostichaster
polyplax</i> dan <i>Coscinasterias calamaria</i>. Beberapa spesies asteroidea
dari tangan yang patah dapat membentuk individu yang baru, contoh <i>Linkia
multifora</i> dan <i>Echinaster luzonicus</i>. Asteroidea berdifat dioecius
dengan fertilisasi eksternal. Biasanya terdapat 10 gonad (2 dalam 1 tangan).
Perkembangan tubuhnya mengalami dua tahap larva, yaitu bilpinaria (tahap larva
pertama) dan brachiolaria (larva yang menunjukkan perkembangan tangan).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelas Ophiuroidea (bintang mengular)
memiliki cakram tengah yang jelas terlihat dari tangannya panjang sehingga
memudahkannya bergerak. Kaki tabung (kaki ambulakral) tidak memiliki alat isap
dan bintang mengular bergerak dengan mencambukkan lengannya. Hidup di perairan
dangkal dan dalam, bersembunyi di bawah batuan atau rumput laut, mengubur diri
di pasir, aktif di malam hari. Ophiuroidea terdiri dari 2.000 spesies,
contohnya adalah bintang ular (Ophiothrix). Ophiuroidea (dalam bahasa yunani,
ophio = ular) berbentuk seperti asteroidea, namun lengannya lebih langsing dan
fleksibel. Cakram pusatnya kecil dan pipih dengan permukaan aboral (dorsal)
yang halus atau berduri tumpul. Ophiuroidea tidak memiliki pediselaria. Cakram
pusat berbatasan dengan lengan-lengannya. Bintang ular merupakan echinodermata
yang paling aktif dan paling cepat gerakannya. Jenis kelamin terpisah,
fertilisasi eksternal, mengalami tahap larva yang disebut pluteus. Hewan ini
pun juga dapat beregenerasi. Beberapa spesies ophiuroidea merupakan hewan
pemakan suspensi, dan yang lain adalah predator atau pemakan bangkai.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelas Echinoidea berbentuk bola atau
pipih, tanpa lengan. Echinoidea yang berbentuk bola misalnya bulu babi (<i>Diadema
saxatile</i>) dan landak laut (<i>Arabcia punctulata</i>). Hidup pada batuan
atau lumpur di tepi pantai atau dasar perairan. Makanannya adalah rumput laut,
hewan yang telah mati, biasanya nocturnal. Permukaan tubuh hewan ini berduri
panjang. Echinoidea memilki alat pencernaan khas, yaitu tembolok kompleks yang
disebut lentera aristoteles. Fungsi dari tembolok tersebut adalah untuk
menggiling makanannya yang berupa ganggang atau sisa-sisa organisme. Echinoidea
yang bertubuh pipih misalnya dolar pasir (<i>Echinarachnius parma</i>).
Permukaan sisi oral tubuhnya pipih, sedangkan sisi aboralnya agak cembung.
Tubuhnya tertutupi oleh duri yang halus dan rapat. Durinya berfungsi untuk
bergerak, menggali, dan melindungi permukaan tubuhnya dari kotoran. Kaki
ambulakral hanya terdapat di sisi oral yang berfungsi utuk mengangkut makanan.
Reproduksi Echinoidea dengan fertilisasi eksternal dan bersifat hermafrodit.
Telur echinoidea yang menetas akan berkembang menjadi larva yang disebut larva
echinoploteus. Melimpahnya jumlah landak laur menandakan kondisi air yang tidak
bagus. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelas Crinoidea berbentuk seperti
tumbuhan. Habitatnya pada garis pantai sampai kedalaman 12000 kaki. Crinoidea
terdiri dari kelompok yang tubuhnya bertangkai dan tidak bertangkai. Kelompok
yang bertangkai dikenal sebagai lili laut, sedangkan yang tidak bertangkai
dikenal sebagai bintang laut berbulu. Contoh lili laut adalah Metacrinus rotundus
dan untuk bintang laut berbulu adalah Oxycomanthus benneffit dan Ptilometra
australis. Beberapa crinodea ada yang sesil dan ada yang berenang bebas. Sampai
saat ini di perkirakan terdapat 630 spesies crinoidea yang telah diketahui.
Sebagian Crinoidea bersifat dioecious, tetapi ada yang monoecious. Crinoidea
mengeluarkan larva yang disebut doliolaria. Crinoidea dapat beregenerasi.
Tangannya di namakan pinula yang di tutupi oleh zat yang lengket untuk membantu
menangkap makanan. Jumlah tangnan (pinula) antara 5-200.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelas Holothuroidea apabila dilihat
secara sepintas, timun laut yang merupakan salah satu anggota filum
Echinodermata tidak terlihat mirip dengan hewan Echinodermata lainnya. Anggota
kelas ini umumnya tidak memiliki duri dan endoskeleton yang keras sangat
tereduksi. Tubuh ketimun laut memanjang sepanjang sumbu oral-aboral sehingga
memberikan bentuk ketimun seperti namanya. Namun demikian, setelah diteliti
lebih lanjut ternyata di tubuhnya terdapat lima baris kaki tabung (kaki
ambulakral) yang merupakan sistem pembuluh yang hanya terdapat pada hewan
Echinodermata. Kaki tabung (kaki ambulakral) yang terdapat di sekitar mulut
kemudian dikembangkan menjadi tentakel untuk makan.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>Pentaceros</i> sp</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Animalia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Echinodermata.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Subphylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Eleutherozoa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Asteroidea.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Phanerozonia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Pentaceridae.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Pentaceros.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: <i>Pentaceros</i> sp.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber
: Verma, P.S. 2002</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
hasil pengamatan yang telah di lakukan, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pentaceros</i>
sp memiliki tubuh yang sangat tebal dan bentuk yang teratur.Tubuhnya berduri
yang tersusun atas zat kapur. Mempunyai 5 lengan, tubuhnya memiliki simetri
radial, bagian ujung lengannya agak runcing . Habitatnya dilaut dan didapatkan
biasanya dilautan Indonesia da samudra pasifik serta sekeliling india barat, di
Ray of Bengaldan laut Arabian. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Permukaan
aboral lebih melengkung ke dalam dan permukaan oral lebih datar.Permukaan
aboral berwarna kuning kemerah-merahan atau coklat didalamnya dan banyak
putaran yang tak teratur, putaran yang besar mempunyai ukuran dan semua putaran
mempunyai sisa dari ossikel.Hewan ini sudah memiliki sistem pencernaan yang
sempurna.Makanan yang dicerna dengan bantuan enzim dan kelenjar pencernaaan,
sedangkan makana yang tidak dicerna dikeluarkan melalui mulut.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>Astropecten </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sp</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi
:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Animalia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Echinodermata.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Subphylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Eleutherozoa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Asteroidea.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Phanerozonia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Astropectenidae.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Astropecten.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: <i>Astropecten auraniacus</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber
: Verma, P.S. 2002</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan
hasil pengamatan yang telah di lakukan pada spesies ini juga memiliki anus,
memiliki 5 lengan dan habitatnya dilaut.Spesies ini adalah bintang laut yang
besar dan terdapat diantara garis-garis pasang. Selain dilaut , spesies ini
bisa ditemukan diseluruh bagian dunia, New Jersey dan California. Spesies ini
memiliki kaki tabung, madreporit, tiap lengannya memiiki bentuk yang lebih
membulat panjang dan dengan ujung yang juga membulat.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kaki
tabung terdapat diantara tentakel, celah ambulakral diluar dari mulut.Spesies
ini berenang sekitar 30-60 cm per menitnya.Kakinya bertempat tinggal di pasir,
dimana mereka dapat menggali lubang.Pada bagian oral mulut nya selalu terbuka
dibagian tengah.Bagian oralnya berbentuk datar atau rata, sedangkan pada bagian
aboralnya agak sedikit berlekuk ke arah dalam.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ophiolepsissuperba
</i>(Bintang Ular Laut)</b></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OYxEQfJ40B4/VY3tkOfzmgI/AAAAAAAAAcg/tItiI-O1nRc/s1600/1429061436458.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OYxEQfJ40B4/VY3tkOfzmgI/AAAAAAAAAcg/tItiI-O1nRc/s320/1429061436458.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Klasifikasi
:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Animalia</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Echinodermata</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Class<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Ophiuroidea</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Valvatida</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:Ophiuridae</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:Ophiolepsis</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ophiolepsissuperba</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Verma, P.S. 2002</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang telah dilakukan,
seperti echinodermata lainnya, Ophiuroidea memiliki rangka dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_karbonat&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kalsium karbonat (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kalsium karbonat</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.Bentuk
tubuh bintang ular mirip dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroidea" title="Asteroidea"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asteroidea</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Kelima lengan ophiuroidea menempel pada cakram pusat yang disebut
calyx.Ophiuroidea memiliki lima rahang. Di belakang rahang ada kerongkongan
pendek dan perut besar, serta buntu yang menempati setengah cakram.Ophiuroidea
tidak memiliki usus maupun anus.Pencernaan terjadi di perut.Pertukaran udara
dan ekskresi terjadi pada kantong yang disebut bursae.Umumnya ada 10
bursae.Kelamin terpisah pada kebanyakan spesies.Ophiuroidea memiliki
gonad.Gamet disebar oleh <i>bursal sacs</i>.Sistem saraf terdiri atas cincin
saraf utama yang bekerja di sekitar cakram utama.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ophiuroidea tidak memiliki mata, atau sejenisnya.
Tetapi, mereka memiliki kemampuan untuk merasakan cahaya melalui reseptor pada
epidermis.Baik Ophiurida maupun Euryalida memiliki lima lengan yang panjang,
langsing, fleksibel, dan berbentuk seperti cambuk. Mereka dibantu dengan rangka
internal yang terbuat dari kalsium karbonat.Pembuluh dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sistem_vaskular_air&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sistem vaskular air (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistem vaskular
air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
berakhir di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaki_tabung&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kaki tabung (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kaki tabung</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.Sistem
vaskular air umumnya memiliki satu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madreporit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Madreporit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">madreporit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.Kaki
tabung tidak memiliki penghisap dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ampulla&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ampulla (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ampulla</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.
Ophiuroidea memiliki kemampuan untuk meregenerasi kaki yang putus.Ophiuroidea
menggunakan kemampuan ini untuk melarikan diri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predator" title="Predator"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">predator</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,
seperti kadal, yang mampu memutuskan ekor mereka untuk membingungkan
pengganggu.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV;">Dendraster excentricus</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="SV" style="mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> (Dolar Laut)</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi
:</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Animalia</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Phylum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Echinodermata</span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Echinoidea</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 85.05pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Clypeasteroida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Dendrasteridae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 85.05pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Dendraster</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 85.05pt;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: SV;">Species <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Dendraster excentricus</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.75pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Verma, P.S. 2002</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dari
hasil pengamatan yang telah dilakukan terhadap <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dendraster excentricus </i>mempunyai bentuk tubuh yang pipih dan bulat
dengan warna tubuh yang coklat.Bagian oral dan aboralnya terlihat jelas.Pada
bagian oral yang terletak dibagian bawah terdapat bagian-bagian tubuh seperti <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">mulut, periprok(anus) merupakan saluran
pembuangan zat-zat sisa dan saluran makanan. Pada bagian aboral yang terletak
diatas terdapat bagian-bagian tubuh seperti </span></span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=e7BXUdXsLIHjrAek64GYDw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddendraster%2Bexcentricus%2Bwikipedia%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-beta%26hs%3Dktp%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php%3Ftitle%3DPetalidium%26action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1&usg=ALkJrhhoiy_LlU1Vvnhc3gA3gvEDF15gxQ" title="Petalidium (halaman tidak ada)"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">petalidium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> yang
bentuknya seperti kelopak bunga, dan madreporit (madreporit merupakan lempengan
berpori pada permukaan cakram pusat dibagian dorsal tubuh yang berfungsi untuk
menyaring air yang masuk). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Spesies ini </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">memiliki sistem
air-vaskular dari rongga internal atau </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=e7BXUdXsLIHjrAek64GYDw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddendraster%2Bexcentricus%2Bwikipedia%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-beta%26hs%3Dktp%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelom&usg=ALkJrhg5KbvS_Flkzrj5-OkWfQ2s4kmtyw" title="Coelom"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">coelom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
yang terhubung dengan kaki tabung atau podia. Kaki tabung tersebut diatur dalam
lima baris berpasangan dan ditemukan pada </span><a href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=e7BXUdXsLIHjrAek64GYDw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3Ddendraster%2Bexcentricus%2Bwikipedia%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-beta%26hs%3Dktp%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambulacra&usg=ALkJrhgj43QZojb7xXZ99P37nhBxIYvF4Q" title="Ambulacra"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ambulacra</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, lima bidang radial
pada permukaan bawah hewan, dan digunakan untuk bergerak, untuk makan, dan
untuk melakukan proses respirasi.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-28793956352927694922015-06-20T00:45:00.000-07:002015-06-20T01:58:02.973-07:00MINOR PHYLUM<div style="text-align: left;">
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<i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PENGERTIAN
MINOR PHYLUM</span></b></i></div>
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<span class="ya-q-full-text"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Minorphyla itu
kumpulan filum-filum hewan invetebrata yang tidak dapat dimasukkan ke filum yg
sudah ada misalnya filum protozoa. karena ciri-ciri dari minorphyla tidak ada yang
mirip dengan filum-filum hewan yang sudah ada tersebut. makanya disebutnya
minor phyla atau filum kecil-kecil yang terdiri dari hewan invertebrata.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span class="ya-q-full-text"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Minorphyla adalah
kumpulan hewan ivertebrata yang di grupkan menjadi satu karena mereka terlalu
kecil sehingga tidak dapat terlihat dengan mata telanjang. Hewan-hewan tersebut
jarang terlihat karena biasanya hidup di air atau sebagai parasit, yang
tersembunyi dari hewan dan tumbuhan.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Meskipun demikian
hewan ini sama-sama banya dan penting, sebagai anggota rantai makanan atau
sebagai parasit dari ekologi. Sebagian contoh dari anggota minor phyla
diantaranya: Ctenophora, Mesozoa, Achantochepala, Bryozoa, Brachiopoda,
Hemichordata.</span></div>
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<i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HEWAN-HEWAN
YANG TERMASUK MINOR PHYLUM DAN ALASAN MASUK KE DALAM KELOMPOK MINOR PHYLUM
SERTA PERANANNYA</span></b></i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> CTENOPHORA</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ctenophora
adalah salah satu filum hewan invetebrata. Anggota filum ini menyerupai
hewan ubur-ubur walaupun secara klasifikasi berbeda filum. Awalnya,
Ctenophora dikelompokkan dengan Cnindria dalam filum Coelenterata. Akan
tetapi setelah disadari adanya perbedaan menyebabkan spesies Ctenophora
ditempatkan pada filum yang terpisah. Saat ini terdapat kurang lebih 150
spesies.</span></div>
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<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Klasifikasi
Ctenophora </span></b></div>
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hewan yang tergolong Ctenophora hidup di laut. Ctenophora terdiri dari dua
kelas, yaitu kelas Nuda dan kelas Tentaculata. Kelas Nuda dekelompokkan menjadi
1 ordo yaitu Berioda. Kelas Tentaculata dikelompokkan mejadi 4 ordo yaitu
Cestida, Cydippida, Lobata, dan Platyctenida.</span></div>
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satu ciri khas yang membedakan Tentaculata dan Nuda adalah tentakelnya. Tentaculata
mempunyai tentakel yang dilengkapi sel colloblasts untuk menagkap
mangsanya. Sementara kelas Nuda tidak mempunyai tentakel. Kelas Nuda menangkap
mangsanya dengan membuka rongga mulutnya dengan lebar.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Morfologi
Ctenophora</span></b></div>
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<div class="Section1" style="text-align: left;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ctenophora
memiliki bentuk tubuh yang bulat, lonjong, lunak dan simetris radial. Salah
satu keunikan Ctenophora adalah mampu mengeluarkan cahaya dari tubuhnya
sendiri.. Bagian permukaan luar Ctenophora mempunyai delapan baris sisir yang
disebut dengan cilia yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat gerak. Oleh karena itu,
hewan ini dikenal sebagai ubur-ubur sisir karena secara vertikal tubuhnya
terbagi oleh 8 helai cilia yang tampak seperti deretan sisir. Ctenophora
memiliki mulut untuk masuknya makanan serta dua lubang anus untuk mengeluarkan
air dan kotoran di ujung yang lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ctenophora
adalah hewan diplobastik yaitu hanya mempunyai dua lapisan badan yang terdiri
dari dua lapisan sel transparan yang hanya menyusun kulit terluarnya (ektoderm)
dan kulit bagian dalam (gastroderm). Dinding tubuh Ctenophora dapat
dibedakan menjadi mesoderma dan endoderma.</span></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Reproduksi
Ctenophora</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hampir
semua spesies Ctenophora adalah hermafrodit atau memiliki alat kelamin
ganda. Reproduksi Ctenophora dilakukan secara seksual. Meskipun ada
beberapa spesies yang melakukan reproduksi secara aseksual dengan cara
fragmentasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Alat
reproduksi Ctenophora terletak di bawah cilia. Sel ovum dan sperma dilepaskan
melalui pori – pori yang ada di epidermis. Sebagian besar spesies Cnetophoa
melakukan pembuahan secara eksternal atau diluar tubuh Cnetophora, meskipun ada
beberapa spesies yang melakukannya secara internal.</span><i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b></i><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peranan
Ctenophora</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ctenophora
mempunyai peranan diantaranya adalah ikut menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem
di laut. Hal karena Ctenophora suka memakan fitoplankton (plankton
tumbuhan). Selain itu juga Ctenophora juga sebagi sumber makanan bagi hewan
laut seperti: Salmon, penyu, dan ubur ubur.<br />
Namun Ctenophora juga memiliki kerugian bagi peternakan tiram karena
hewan-hewan ini memakan larva-larva tiram sehingga merugikan petani
tiram. Selain itu, bila terjadi ledakan populasi, maka dapat membuat ekosistem
tidak seimbang. Hal ini pernah terjadi di tahun 1989 di Laut Hitam saat
Ctenophora memkan larva ikan Pelgis. Dan tahun 1999 di Laut Kaspia. Hasilnya
adalah bahwa 75% dari zooplankton sudah habis, sehingga mempengaruhi
seluruh rantai makanandanau.</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></i>
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<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>MESOZOA</span></b></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada dua subclass dari Mesozoa: Dicyemida dan Orthonectida.
Tubuh, yang mencapai panjang 5 mm, entah sel berbentuk ulat aksial (di
Dicyemida) atau agregat sel epitel ditutupi dengan silia (di Orthonectida).
Mesozoa adalah endoparasit dari invertebrata laut. Orthonectida tinggal di
parenkim dari turbellarians dan nemertines dan dalam rongga tubuh dan organ
reproduksi annelida, ophiuroids, dan lamellibranchs; Dicyemida, di ginjal dari
cumi. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Siklus
hidup Mesozoa kompleks, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daur hidup Mesozoa dari filum Orthonectida
melalui stadium plasmodia (bentuk amoeba), sedangkan Mesozoa dari filum
Rhombozoa melalui stadium nematogen (bentuk cacing). Hewan Orthonectida
melakukan reproduksi secara diesis, sedangkan hewan Rhombozoa adalah
hermafrodit simultan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Orthonectida
paling sering dioecious, dengan pergantian reproduksi aseksual dan seksual .Dicyemida
generasi alternatif partenogenesis (nematogens) dengan generasi hermaprodit
(infusorigen) di ginjal dari cumi. Infusoriforms (tahap distribusi) berkembang
dari zigot dan muncul ke dalam air. Ada 14 spesies Orthonectida, milik tiga
genera (dari dua keluarga).</span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. ACANTHOCEPHALA</span></b></i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diskripsi Umum</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Acanthocephala berasal dari bahasa
yunan Acanthos “duri” dan Kephale “kepala” merupakan invertebrate sepanjang
hidupnya <u>sebagai parasit</u>. Acanthocephala disebut juga sebagai cacing
kepala duri, bagian kepala cacing tersebut disebut probiscus, kemudian bagian
leher dan tubuh. </span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri-ciri umum</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.
Bentuk tubuh<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Acanthocephala ini adalah
silindris memanjang ukuran kurang lebih 1-2 cm, kecuali jenis Gigantorhynhus
figas 10-65 cm. Jumlah spesies 1.150 telah diuraikan. Jenis host (inang)
Acanthocephala sebagai medium di antaranya adalah invertebrate, vertebrata,
burung dan mamalia. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;">B. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Duri yang terdapat pada proboscis
merupakan senjata yang terbentuk seperti mata kail berfungsi sebagai pengait
dan menempelkan dirinya pada bagian usus host atau inangnya. Parasit ini mampu
hidup dalam jaringan fisiologi hostnya serta mempunyai kemampuan hidup tanpa
oksigen atau anaerob. </span></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Acanthocephala
merupakan salah satu filum parasit yaitu dengan ciri - ciri bentuk tubuh luar
disebut proboscis, leher dan trunk. Filum cacing ini disebut juga cacing kepala
berduri karena ada kaitnyamirip duri pada proboscis. Acanthocephala merupakan
cacing yang berbentuk silinder, agak pipih, dan mempunyai proboscis yang dapat
dimasukkan dan dikeluarkan dari tubuhnya yang beradadi ujung anterior tubuh.
Untuk mengidentifikasi spesies dari Acanthocephala dalah jumlah dan susunan
kait pada proboscis. Proboscis berbentuk bulat atau silindris dan dilengkapi
baris-baris kaitatau spina yang membengkakyang berguna untuk melekatkan tubuh
cacing tersebut<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pada usus inangnya.<b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sistem Syaraf pada Acanthocephala yaitu:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><br />
1.Terdapat ganglion dibalik belalai atau septum.<br />
2.Terdapat dua pasang posterior penghubung tubuh.<br />
3.Ada otot syaraf yang kompleks disebut retina kulim.<br />
4. Terdapat genital ganglion yang tersebar pada jaringan otan pejantan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Acanthocephala merupakan salah satu kelompok
aschelmithes yang semua anggotanya hidup sebagai endoparasit yang memerlukan
dua hospes dalam daur hidupnya. Stadium dewasa muda hidup sebagai parasit pada
crustacean, insecta, sedangkan stadium dewasanya hidup di dalam saluran
pencernaan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>vertebrata. Pada yang dewasa
tubuhnya dibedakan menjadi tiga bagian yaitu: proboscis, leher, dan badan.
Tubuh umumnya berukuran kecil yaitu hanya mencapai beberapa cm. individunya
bersifat diesis, organ kelamin jantan dan betina terpisah. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reproduksinya secara seksual dan
fertilisasinya internal.pada umumnya Acanthocephala itu tidak mempunyai system
ekskretori yang khusus, dinding tubuhnya tidak dilapisi oleh kutikula, dan
mempunyai otot sirkular dan longitudinal, system sirkulasinya dengan system
saluran lacuna.</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span></b></span></i></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Seksualitas Acanthocephala</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
Struktur alat reproduksi pada Acanthocephala bagian belakang belalai ke arah
belakang tubuh (ekor) yang disebut ligamen. Pada jantan, terdapat dua testis
yang berada pada bagian sisi. Pada saat vas terbuka akan menghasilkan tiga
diverticula atau seminales vesiculae. Pada jantan juga memiliki tiga pasang
kelenjar semen berapa dibagian belakang alat kelamin (testis), yang mensekresi
kesaluran deferentia vasa. Kemuadian menjulur keluar pada saat posterior
terbuka.<b> </b> Sedangkan pada betina terdapat sel telur, seperti pada
alat reprodukisi pada jantan berbentuk bulat memanjang sepanjang ligamen.
Sejumlah ovarium masuk melalui saluran rongga ke tubuh dan kemudian mengapunga
besama fluida. Kemudian, telur dibuahi sehingga terbentuknya embrio muda di
dalam rahim. Pada saluran ke rahim terdapat dua lubang kecil yang terletak pada
bagian punggung, sehingga embrio yang lebih matang akan melewati kedua lubang
ini ke rahim, kemudian telur keluar melalui saluran tubuh. Embrio yang lolos
pada induknya akan keluar bersama dengan kotoran melalui saluran pencernaan
inangnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Acanthocephala memiliki siklus hidup yang kompleks,
melibatkan beberapa host pada tahap perkembangannya. Hospes awal pertamma
adalah moluska. Dalam hospes perantara Acanthocephala bergerak masuk melalui
rongga tubuh ke dalam usus. Kemudian pada tahap ini akan melakukan transformasi
infektif. Parasit kemudian dilepaskan pada tahap dewasa oleh hospes pertama
kali dilepaskan parasit ini akan membentuk dirinya seperti bulatan sehingga
host berikutnya menelannya sebgai makanan hingga ke usus, dalam parasit ini
akan berkembang hinga dewasa. Duri yang terdapat pada proboscis akan berkembang
hingga menancap dinding usus host lebih lama semakin kuat. Pada tahap ini semua
organ siap untuk bereproduksi sebab kecepatan tumbuhan dan berkembang lebih
matang, kemudian tumbuh dan berkembang pula organ seksnya. Cacing jantan akan
berhubungan seks menggunakan ekskresi kelenjar kealat kelamin betina, kemudian
perkembangan embrio pada seekor betina dan terjadilah siklus kehidupan baru.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Habitat Acanthocephala menurut para
pakar parasit menjelaskan dimana terdapat dua lingkungan hidup bagi parasit
diantaranya adalah lingkungan makro yaitu lingkungan dimana parasit hidup dalam
fisiologi hewan inangnya. Lingkungan eksternal yaitu dimana parasit hidup dan
berkembang di alam bebas. Secara umum distribusi Acanthocephala secara
geografis melalui inang mereka, sehingga dapat kita prediksi penyebaran dan
distribusi secara merata atau tidak tergantung pada penyebaran hostnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 85.05pt 99.25pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Klasifikasi
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:Animalia<br />
Subkingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:Eumetazoa<br />
Unraked<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:Bilateria<br />
Superphylum <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:Platyzoa<br />
Classes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:Archiacanthocephala<br />
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> Eouacanthocephala<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: <u>Palaecanthocephala</u>
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh dari Acanthocephala antara
lain :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">1. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Acanthocephalus jacksoni</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">2. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Macracanthorynchus hirudinceus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;">3. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prosthorynchus formosus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text1;">4.
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Neoechihorynchus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Klasifikasi
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinceus</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kingdom <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <u>Animalia</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Subkingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Acanthocepala</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Classes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Archiacanthocephala</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Oliganthorhynchida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Oliganthorhynchidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Macracanthorhynchus hirudinceus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Klasifikasi
Acanthocephalus jacksoni</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kingdom <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <u>Animalia</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Subkingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Acanthocepala</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Classes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Archiacanthocephala</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Oliganthorhynchida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Oliganthorhynchidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Acanthocephalus jacksoni</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Klasifikasi
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prosthorynchus formosus</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kingdom <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <u>Animalia</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Subkingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Acanthocepala</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Classes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Archiacanthocephala</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Oliganthorhynchida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Oliganthorhynchidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prosthorynchus formosus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Klasifikasi
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Neoechihorynchus</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kingdom <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <u>Animalia</u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Subkingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Acanthocepala</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Classes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Archiacanthocephala</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Oliganthorhynchida</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Family<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Oliganthorhynchidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Neoechihorynchus</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
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<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada
zaman dahulu, Bryozoa dianggap sebagai tumbuhan, namun setelah diteliti lebih
lanjut maka diketahui bahwa Bryozoa merupakan binatang-binatang lumut. Secara
terminologis, Bryozoa (Yunani), bryon berarti lumut dan zoon berarti hewan.
Bryozoa merupakan koloni dari hewan kecil-kecil, seperti hamparan lumut
berbulu, menempel pada batu, benda atau tumbuhan air di perairan dangkal yang
subur dan jernih. Bryozoa hidup di laut dan beberapa hidup dalam air tawar,
hidup berkoloni dan tidak bertangkai. Beberapa jenis mengeluarkan benda
berkapur seperti batu karang. Pada sebagian besar spesies koloni terbungkus
dalam eksoskeleton keras berpori. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bryozoa
memiliki lophophore yang menjulur melalui pori-pori tersebut. Beberapa spesies
merupakan pembangun terumbu karang yang penting. Filum Bryozoa dinamakan juga
Polyzoa atau Ectoprocta. Polyzoa merupakan istilah bagi individu hewan ini yang
berukuran kecil/mikroskopis, sedangkan Ectoprocta berasal dari kata ectos yang
berarti di luar dan proctos yang berarti anus, maksudnya anus terletak di luar
lophophore. Lophophore adalah lipatan dinding tubuh dan calyx yang mengelilingi
mulut dan mengandung tentakel yang bercilia. Lophophore berfungsi dalam
pengambilan makanan bersuspensi.</span></div>
<i><br /></i>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.Morfologi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Masing-masing individu dari Bryozoa
disebut zoociem. Bentuk dari zooecium bermacam- macam seperti bentuk kotak, jembangan,
lonjong atau pembuluh. Jenis koloni yang hidup di laut, seperti kelas
Gymnolaemata polimorfik, artinya di dalam satu koloni terdapat lebih dari satu
macam zooid, autozooid, heterozooid. Autozooid adalah zooid yang selalu ada dan
jumlahnya banyak, berfungsi untuk makan dan pencernaan. Heterozooid merupakan
modifikasi dari zooid untuk keperluan koloni, misalnya menjadi tangkai atau
stolon, semacam akar, avikularium dan vibraculum. Avicularum (jamak:
avicularia) berbentuk seperti kapala burung, untuk menghalangi parasit atau
pengganggu. Vibraculum berbentuk seperti cambuk untuk membersikan tubuh dari
detirtus dan parasit. Ovicell atau ooecium ialah zooid untuk mengerami telur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anatomi </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Hewan berkoloni </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Tidak bertangkai </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Zooid berukuran < 0,5 mm </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Rongga tubuh tumbuh sempurna<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Tidak ada sistem peredaran darah maupun organ
pernafasan </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Terdapat saraf ganglion di antara mulut dan anus </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Mulut Bryozoa ditumbuhi dengan tentakel </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Traktus digestivus berupa saluran berbentuk U </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Anus terletak dekat mulut<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Individu terbungkus dalam zooecium<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Tidak punya sistem ekskresi </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Makan dari partikel-partikel dari air </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zooecium adalah selubung benda
mati<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(nonliving envelopment) dari khitin
atau lapisan tebal kalsium karbonat yang tertutup kitin. Istilah cystid dalam
Bryozoa, yaitu rangka luar dan dinding tubuh. Istilah polypide untuk menyatakan
isi zooid dalam dinding tubuh yaitu lophophore, saluran pencernaan, otot dan
organ lain. Sistem Respirasi Pada hewan Bryozoa tidak ditemukan organ
pernafasan (respirasi) yang lazimnya ada pada semua makhluk hidup.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.65pt;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem
Reproduksi </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reproduksi Byozoa secara aseksual dan seksual. Semua Bryozoa air tawar
dan kebanyakan Bryozoa air laut adalah hermaprodit yang fertilisasi dan
pertumbuhannya di dalam tubuh. Telur dan Sperma dihasilkan secara bergantian,
adakalanya protandri. Testis pada funiculus, ovari pada lophophore. Pada
spesies diecious, zooid jantan dan betina terdapat dalam satu koloni atau pada
koloni lain. Gonoduct tidak ada, telur dan sperma berhamburan dalam coelm atau
dilepas di air. Beberapa spesies laut mengerami telurnya, misalnya dalam
saluran pencernaan yang mengalami degenerasi atau ovicel.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bentuk larva Bryozoa laut bervariasi, namun semua mempunyai corona,
yaitu semacam lingkaran cilia sebagai alat renang, dan serumpun cilia panjang
di anterior, serta sebuah kantung penempel di posterior. Setelah berenang bebas
sesaat bagi yang tidak makan dan beberapa bulan bagi yang makan, maka larva
menempel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>di substrat, tumbuh menjadi
zooid awal yang disebut ancestrula. Dengan jalan pertunasan, reproduksi
aseksual, ancestrula membentuk beberapa zooid baru dan zooid ini membentuk
sejumlah besar zooid lagi, sehingga terbentuklah koloni Bryozoa baru yang makin
lama makin besar, bentuk koloni sesuai jenisnya. Koloni berumur satu musim atau
beberapa tahun. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Reproduksi aseksual pada Bryozoa air tawar selain dengan cara
pertunasan, juga dengan menghasilkan statoblast, satu sampai beberapa butir
pada funiculus. Statoblast tahan terhadap kekeringan, panas, dan dingin. Struktur
dan bentuk statoblast dipakai untuk identifikasi genus atau spesies. Bryozoa
juga dapat berkembangbiak melalui tunas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Kebanyakan jenis Bryozoan tinggal di lingkungan laut, meskipun demikian
ada sekitar 50 jenis yang hidup di air tawar. Di dalam habitatnya, bryozoan
mungkin ditemukan pada semua jenis substrat: butir pasir, batu karang, kulit
atau kerang, kayu, dan tumbuhan laut yang lain, pipa dan kapal mungkin menjadi
kerak yang terbentuk oleh bryozoan. Beberapa bryozoan bukan hanya menempel pada
substrat, tetapi juga membentuk sediment. Beberapa jenis telah ditemukan pada
kedalaman 8.200 m, namun kebanyakan bryozoan hidup pada perairan dangkal. Pada
umumnya bryozoan bersifat sessile, tetapi ada beberapa bryozoan bisa berpindah.
Beberapa jenis ini tidak kolonial.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peredaran
darah </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada hewan
Bryozoa tidak ditemukan sistem peredaran darah yang lazimnya didapati pada
mahkluk hidup atau organisme lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.15pt;">
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pencernaan
makanan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses pencernaan makanan pada Bryozoa dilakukan dengan proses yang sama dengan
hewan lain yakni pertama kali makanan yang diambil oleh tentakel lalu
dimasukkan ke dalam mulut yang kemudian melewati pharinx, lalu dicerna di dalam
lambung kemudian melalui usus. Pada usus tersebut terjadi penyerapan bahan
makanan yang sudah dicerna oleh lambung.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada hewan Bryozoa proses eksresinya sama seperti pada hewan biasanya
yakni hasil sisa pencernaan yang sudah tidak dapat digunakan akan dikeluarkan
melalui saluran yang disebut anus, pada Bryozoa anus terletak di luar lophopore,
sebagaimana telah disebutkan bahwa Bryozoa bisa disebut juga Ectoprocta.</span></div>
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pertahanan diri</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bryozoa termasuk organisme yang memiliki warna mencolok dan tak memiliki
duri (spine) serta tak dilindungi oleh cangkang sebagai penutup tubuh, sehingga
organisme ini rawan terhadap predator. Dalam rangka membebaskan diri dari
serangan predator, secara alamiah organisme ini mengembangkan suatu mekanisme
pertahanan diri dengan memproduksi senyawa aktif yang membuat predator
menjauhinya. Invertebrata laut yang mempunyai struktur pergerakan fisik lebih
terbatas dibanding dengan vertebrata laut, mampu mengembangkan sistem
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bakteri, membantu proses reproduksi dan mencegah sengatan sinar ultra violet.</span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5. BRACHIOPODA </span></b></i></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phylum Brachiopoda</span></b></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phylum
Brachiopoda berasal dari bahasa latin, yaitu Bracchium yang berarti
lengan (arm) dan Poda yang berarti kaki (foot). Jadi, Phylum
Brachiopoda adalah hewan yang merupakan suatu kesatuan tubuh yang difungsikan
sebagai kaki dan lengan. Brachiopoda adalah bivalvia yang berevolusi pada zaman
awal periode Cambrian yang masih hidup hingga sekarang. Mereka seringkali
disebut dengan “lampu cangkang” yang merupakan komponen penting organisme
benthos pada zaman Palaeozoic.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phylum ini merupakan salah satu
phylum kecil dari benthic invertebrates. Hingga saat ini terdapat
sekitar 300 spesies dari phylum ini yang mampu bertahan dan sekitar 30.000
fosilnya telah dinamai. Phylum Brachiopoda mempunyai 2 buah cangkang yang mirip
Pelecypoda, tetapi perbedaannya bahwa cangkang Brachiopoda tidak sama satu
dengan yang lain.</span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Anatomi Tubuh Phylum Brachiopoda</span></b></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Br</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">achiopoda
mempunyai 2 cangkang (valve), yaitu Pedicle atau Ventral Valve
dan Brachial atau Dorsal Valve. Tubuh tertutup oleh 2 cangkang,
satu ke arah dorsal dan yang lainnya ke arah ventral. Biasanya melekat pada
substrat dengan pedicile. Cangkang dilapisi oleh mantle yang dibentuk oleh
pertumbuhan dinding tubuh dan membentuk rongga mantle. Cangkang Brachiopoda
tersusun oleh senyawa karbonat, atau khitin dan kalsium fosfat. Cangkangnya
biasanya mempunyai hiasan, berupa garis tumbuh, costae atau costellae. Kedua
buah cangkang dihubungkan oleh gigi pertautan (pada Brachiopoda artikulata)
atau sistem otot (Brachipoda inartikulata).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
pertangkupan kedua cangkang terdapat lubang tempat keluarnya pedicle
yaitu Pedicle opening atau Forament. Pedicle merupakan juluran
otot yang berfungsi untuk menempelkan tubuhnya pada tempat hidupnya. Bagian
lain pada cangkang adalah Lophophore, berupa dua buah tentakel berbulu getar,
berfungsi untuk menggerakkan air di sekitarnya. Lophophore mebentuk kumparan
dengan atau tanpa didukung oleh skeletal internal. Usus Brachiopoda berbentuk
U. Sistem peredaran darahnya terbuka.</span></div>
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<i><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3. </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cara Hidup Phylum Brachiopoda</span></b></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Secara
umum, cara hidup Brachiopoda meliputi tempat atau lingkungan dia tinggal, cara
dia beradaptasi atau hidup dengan lingkungannya, cara makannya, dan cara
reproduksinya. Berbagai macam poin yang mencirikan cara hidup dari Brachiopoda
adalah sebagai berikut : </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. Brachiopoda hidup tertambat
(benthos secyl) di dasar laut, lewat suatu juluran otot yang disebut pedicle.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span></div>
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memenuhi kebutuhan makanan dan oksigen, Brachiopoda mempunyai Lophophore yang berfungsi
menggerakkan air di sekitarnya, sehingga sirkulasi oksigen ke dalam dan ke luar
tubuh dapat berlangsung. Begitu pula dengan makanan.</span></span></div>
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</span>Ada yang hidup di air tawar, namun sangat jarang.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mampu hidup pada kedalaman hingga 5.600 m
secara benthos secyl.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e. Genus Lingula hanya hidup pada
daerah tropis atau hangat dengan kedalaman maksimal 40 m</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">f. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hingga saat ini diketahui memiliki sekitar 300
spesies dari Brachiopoda.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">g. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Brachiopoda modern memiliki ukuran cangkang
rata-rata dari 5 mm hingga 8 cm.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">h. Kehadiran rekaman kehidupannya
sangat terkait dengan proses Bioconose dan Thanathoconose.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">i. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cara reproduksi Brachiopoda adalah t</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">erpisah
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</span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">j. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fertilisasi secara ekternal.</span></span></span></div>
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</span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">k.
Sebagian ada yang “mengandung” dan melahirkan larva lobate.</span></span></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></span></i></div>
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4. Klasifikasi Phylum Brachiopoda</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Klasifikasi phylum Brachiopoda
dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu :</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Brachiopoda
Inartikulata</span></div>
</span></span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
</span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri-cirinya
adalah tidak mempunyai gigi pertautan (hinge teeth) dan garis pertautan (hinge
line). Cangkang atas dan bawah (valve) tidak dihubungkan dengan otot dan
terdapat socket dan gigi yang dihubungkan dengan selaput pengikat. Pertautan
kedua cangkangnya dilakukan oleh sistem otot, sehingga setelah mati cangkang langsung
terpisah. Cangkang umumnya berbentuk membulat atau seperti lidah, tersusun oleh
senyawa fosfat atau khitinan. Mulai muncul sejak Jaman Cambrian awal hingga
masa kini.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh : Lingula</span></div>
</span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Brachiopoda
Artikulata</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri-cirinya
adalah cangkang dipertautkan oleh gigi dan socket. Cangkang umumnya tersusun
oleh material karbonatan. Tidak mempunyai lubang anus. Mempunyai keanekaragaman
jenis yang besar. Banyak yang berfungsi sebagai fosil index. Dan mulai muncul
sejak zaman Kapur hingga kini.</span></div>
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</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Macam-macam ordo dari Brachiopoda
Artikulata adalah sebagai berikut :</span></div>
</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ordo Orthida</span></div>
</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri-ciri
:</span></div>
</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umur Ordovician</span></div>
</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ntuk ½ lingkaran, hinge line lurus, hiasan bersifat
radial.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 51.65pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 9.0pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh genus : Hebertella
dan Platystrophia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ordo
Strophomenida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umur Ordovician.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 58.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ntuk pipih, hinge line lurus, hiasan radial berupa costellae
halus.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 60.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh genus : Sowerbyella dan Rafinesquina.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 22.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ordo
Spiriferida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umur Devon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 63.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">e</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ntuk sperti kumparan/spiral, tersusun oleh material
gampingan mengelilingi </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">lophophore.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 60.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh genus : Muscrospirifer dan Platyrachella.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ordo
Rhynchonellida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cangkang berbentuk segitiga atau bulat,
hinge line pendek, beak kuat disertai lipatan bentuk accordeon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 69.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh genus : Pugnoides dan Rhynchotreta.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 69.65pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Terebratula dan Dielasma.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada
akhir jaman Perm, terjadi kepunahan massal yang melibatkan hampir semua
golongan Brachiopoda. Hanya sedikit takson yang selamat, seperti golongan
Trebratulid dan Lingula, dan masih terdapat hingga masa kini (Holosen).
Brachiopoda ditemukan m</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">elimpah pada kurun Paleozoik (543 hingga 248 juta tahun
lalu).</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Brachiopoda masa kini selalu
ditemukan dalam keadaan tertambat dengan menggunakan pedikelnya, baik pada
batuan keras maupun cangkang binatang yang telah mati.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rekaman Phylum brachiopoda dalam
kurun waktu geologi adalah seperti di bawah ini :</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Phylum Brachiopoda (Cambrian-Recent)</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">- Class
Inarticulata (Cambrian-Recent)</span></div>
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Orthida (Cambrian-Permian)</span></div>
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Strophomenida (Ordovician-Jurassic)</span></div>
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Rhynchonellida (Ordovician-Recent)</span></div>
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Terebratulida (Devonian-Recent)</span></div>
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Ekologi</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Spesies dari branchiopoda seperti Daphnia dan Artemia merupakan
sumber pakan alami yang sangat penting dalam pembenihan ikan laut maupun tawar
karena memiliki beberapa keuntungan, yaitu kandungan nutrisinya tinggi,
berukuran kecil yang sesuai dengan ukuran mulut larva, pergerakannya lambat,
sehingga mudah ditangkap oleh larva ikan, dan tingkat pencemaran terhadap air
kultur lebih rendah apabila dibandingkan dengan penggunaan pakan buatan.
Kandungan proteinnya bisa mencapai lebih dari 70% kadar bahan kering. Secara
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>HEMICHORDATA</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Hemichordata
b<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>erasal dari kata (hemi: semu; chordata: penyokong
tubuh). Hemichordata adalah devisi yang berbentuk cacing laut deuterostome binatang,
umumnya dianggap sebagai saudara dari grup echinodermata.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ciri-ciri Subfilum Hemichordata:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1) bilateral simetris</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2) Badan memiliki lebih
dari dua lapisan sel, tisu dan organ.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3) Badan berongga
disebut coelom.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4) Alatpencernaan: usus,
dan anus.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5) Badan dibagi menjadi
tiga bagian,belalai,leher dan trunk(tubuh).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6) Memiliki sistem
peredaran darah terbuka.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">7) memiliki
glomerulus(ginjal) sebagai organ eksresi.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">8) Habitat dalam air.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Beberapa kelas dari subfilum hemichordata</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kelas Enteropneusta</span></div>
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substrat (lumpur atau pasir halus) atau di bawah batu, baik di perairan dangkal
dan lebih mendalam.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Salah satu
spesies dari kelas <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Enteropneusta adalah
cacing Acorn (</span>Saccoglossuskowalevskii<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">) </span>kebanyakan hidup meliang memakan pasir dan lumpur serta bahan
organik yang terkandung didalamnya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Berukuran 9-45 cm, kecuali Balanoglossus di Brazilia mencapai 1,5
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Reproduksi
seksual, dioecious, pembuahan di luar. Telur menetas menjadi larva tornaria
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satu contoh spesies kelas<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Pterobranchia
</span>adalah Rhabdopleura sp. merupakan cacing kecil-kecil yang hidup
dalam tabung, berkelompok dan berkoloni.</span></div>
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individu tidak lebih dari 12 mm, Umumnya terdapat di laut dalam selatan
khatulistiwa dan di pantai Eropa. Tubuh terdiri atas proboscis berbentuk
seperti tameng (perisai), dan tangan-tangan yang mengandung tentakel terletak
di bagian dorsal kelepak (collar). Reproduksi aseksual dengan pertunasan
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-9790454800380416482015-03-28T22:02:00.000-07:002015-03-28T22:02:46.752-07:005 Tips slide presentasi yang baik dan menarik<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Microsoft Power Point adalah suatu software
(program) yang akan membantu dalam menyusun sebuah presentasi yang efektif,
profesional dan juga mudah. Microsoft Power Point akan membantu sebuah gagasan
menjadi lebih menarik dan jelas tujuannya. Microsoft Power Point dapat terdiri
dari teks, grafik, obyek gambar, clipart, movie, suara dan obyek yang dibuat
dengan program lain. Program ini dapat dicetak di kertas berupa handout yang
dibagikan ke audiens sebagai bahan pendukung presentasi.</span></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Berdasarkan dari kata Power Point, power yang berati
kekuatan dan point artinya poin-poin atau inti sari dari suatu bacaan. Nah banyak
sekali ditemukan dalam power point yang pada slidenya terdapat banyak
tulisan-tulisan hasil copy-paste dari mikrosoft word. Padahal hal tersebut
sangat menyalahi dari kaidah power point yang hanya mengandalkan pada “the
power of point”. </span></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Slide Presentasi PowerPoint dengan banyak tulisan
umumnya tidak menarik untuk di tonton dan hal tersebut merupakan salah satu
sebab para penonton tidak betah bahkan mengantuk melihat slide anda. Keberhasilan
sebuah presentasi tidak hanya terletak pada kepiawaian sang pembicara. Tapi
juga bergantung pada seberapa menariknya materi<strong> Presentasi PowerPoint</strong>
yang dibawakan.</span></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Nah berikut
merupakan </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">5 Tips slide presentasi yang baik
dan menarik</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></b></div>
<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-synthesis: weight style; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Ganti
bullet point dan kalimat dengan gambar dan kata kunci yang menarik.</span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KltsxkfFu0I/VRap9HbXXiI/AAAAAAAAAaE/v7qz6OqVgrk/s1600/Gambar1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KltsxkfFu0I/VRap9HbXXiI/AAAAAAAAAaE/v7qz6OqVgrk/s1600/Gambar1.png" height="151" width="200" /></a></span></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">gambar 1</span></b></td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></span></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Lkhz0FhydaY/VRaqTrReS3I/AAAAAAAAAaM/LZMFVDHuTf0/s1600/Gambar2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Lkhz0FhydaY/VRaqTrReS3I/AAAAAAAAAaM/LZMFVDHuTf0/s1600/Gambar2.png" height="150" width="200" /></a></span></b></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">gambar 2
</span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pa<span></span>da gambar 1 merupakan slide yang
menggunakan bullet point dan teks yang panjang sehingga slide seperti ini
sangat membosankan dan sulit dicerna audiens karena audiens harus membaca
teks<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang panjang satu persatu.</span></span></span></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: orange;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada gambar 2 menggunakan gambar dan
kata kunci. Menggunakan gambar dan kata kunci mudah diingat dan audiens juga
bisa menciptakan <span style="font-size: small;">asosiasi antara gambar yang digunakan dengan kata kunci. Oleh sebab itu </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">ganti
bullet point dan kalimat dengan gambar dan kata kunci agar lebih baik dan menarik.</span></span></span></span></span></b></div>
<br />
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 77.75pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ringkas dan sederhanakan teks dalam slide, fokuskan pada inti bahasan.</span></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qOgK5Lz6FQE/VRaxHg50LJI/AAAAAAAAAac/RCDodgYqum0/s1600/Gambar6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-qOgK5Lz6FQE/VRaxHg50LJI/AAAAAAAAAac/RCDodgYqum0/s1600/Gambar6.png" height="198" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 77.75pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 77.75pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Jika teks terlalu panjang maka audience kurang tertarik untuk membaca teks tersebut. Sehingga presentasi menjadi kurang baik. </span></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 77.75pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><br /></span></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: black;">3. </span></span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: black;">Ubah teks dengan gambar dan angka</span></span></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 77.75pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BD7s9fCeHuE/VRayERQYtHI/AAAAAAAAAak/evLXAtYAjOE/s1600/Gambar9.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BD7s9fCeHuE/VRayERQYtHI/AAAAAAAAAak/evLXAtYAjOE/s1600/Gambar9.png" height="179" width="320" /></a></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 77.75pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><b>Gambar akan lebih mudah dipahami, membentuk imajinasi dan mudah diingat.</b></span></span></b></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 77.75pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="color: black;">4. </span></b></span></span></b></span><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="color: black;">Ubah cara penyajian dalam teks mennjadi lebih baik.</span></b></span></span></b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AvW4-jLvyog/VRayd6O127I/AAAAAAAAAas/S30cGckyCWI/s1600/Gambar12.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AvW4-jLvyog/VRayd6O127I/AAAAAAAAAas/S30cGckyCWI/s1600/Gambar12.png" height="178" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: #38761d;"></span><span style="color: #38761d;"></span></span></span></span></span></b><br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Sentuhan warna membuat slide lebih menarik, namun ada baiknya lebih dikreasikan lagi seperti contoh disamping, dibuat mind map.</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><b> <span style="color: black;">5. </span></b></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="color: black;"> Posisikan Gambar dengan tepat.</span></b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FZ9cX5B3-zo/VRayhRwljCI/AAAAAAAAAa0/MQ2O_heilvk/s1600/Gambar15.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FZ9cX5B3-zo/VRayhRwljCI/AAAAAAAAAa0/MQ2O_heilvk/s1600/Gambar15.png" height="177" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><b>Posisikan berhadapan dengan teks jauh lebih baik. Kutipan seperti ini biasanya digunakan saat menutup presentasi.</b></span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="color: black;">sumber: <a href="http://www.presentasi.net/video-5-tips-membuat-slide-presentasi-yang-baik-dan-menarik/">http://www.presentasi.net/video-5-tips-membuat-slide-presentasi-yang-baik-dan-menarik/</a></span></b></span></span></span></div>
<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-29005293260778465982015-03-24T16:17:00.000-07:002015-03-24T16:31:16.480-07:00laporan praktikum II Mor Tum<!--[if !mso]>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PRAKTIKUM</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> II</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 85.05pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Topik<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun
majemuk dan bagian-bagiannya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><br />
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tujuan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Mengenal macam-macam bentuk daun majemuk dan bagian-bagiannya.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><br />
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hari/Tanggal<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sabtu/28 februari 2015</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 85.05pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tempat
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Laboratorium Biologi FKIP
UNLAM Banjarmasin</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 85.05pt; text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ALAT
DAN BAHAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alat</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Baki</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Alat Tulis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bahan </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Kapuk (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ceiba petandra </i>Gaertn.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Kembang
merak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Caesalpinia pucherrima</i> Sw.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Putri malu
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mimosa pudica </i>L.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Gamal (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gliricidia maculate </i>L.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Jeruk (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Citrus </i>sp)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Dadap (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Erythrine variegate</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Lamtoro (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Leucaena glauca</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Tomat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Solomum lycopersicum</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Asam (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tamarindus indica</i> L.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 57.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Mawar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rosa</i>
sp)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 57.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CARA
KERJA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
dan menentukan tipe daun majemuk berdasarkan susunan anak daunnya: menyirip
genap, menyirip ganjil, menyirip genap ganda 1, menyirip genap ganda 2,
menyirip beranak daun, majemuk bangun kaki, majemuk campuran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
bagian-bagian daun majemuk: ibu tangkai daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Petiolus communis</i>), tangkai anak daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Petiololus</i>), anak daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Foliolum</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
alat-alat tambahan pada daun: daun penumpu dll.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menggambar
hasil pengamatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-hyphenate: none; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -22.5pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TEORI
DASAR</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu daun yang pada tangkainya
bercabang-cabang, dan pada tangkai ini baru terdapat helaian sehingga pada satu
tangkai terdapat lebih dari satu helaian daun dinamakan daun majemuk. Pada daun
majemuk dapat dibedakan menjadi ibu tangkai daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">petioles communis</i>), tangkai anak daun (petiololus) dan anak daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">foliolum</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Berdasarkan susunan anak daun pada ibu
tangkainya, daun majemuk dapat dibedakan dalam empat golongan, yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
majemuk menyirip (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pinnatus</i>)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Daun majemuk menyirip adalah daun majemuk
yang anak daunnya terdapat di kanan kiri ibu tangkai daun sehingga tersusun
seperti sirip pada ikan. Daun majemuk menyirip dapat dibedakan beberapa macam,
yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
majemuk menyirip beranak satu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">unifoliatus</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
majemuk menyirip genap (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">abrupte pinnatus</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
majemuk menyirip gasal (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">imparipinnatus</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
majemuk menjari (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">palmatus</i>)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Daun majemuk menjari adalah daun majemuk
yang semua anak daunnya tersusun memencar pada ujung ibu tangkai seperti
letaknya jari-jari pada tangan. Berdasarkan jumlah anak daunnya, daun majemuk
menjari dapat dibedakan sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beranak
daun satu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bifoliolatus</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beranak
daun tiga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">trifoliolatus</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beranak
daun lima (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">quinquefoliolatus</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Beranak
daun tujuh (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">septemfoliolatus</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
majemuk bangun kaki (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pedatus</i>)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
ini memiliki susunan seperti daun majemuk menjari, tetapi dua anak daun yang
paling pinggir tidak duduk pada ibu tangkai, melainkan pada tangkai anak daun
yang ada di sampingnya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 22.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo6; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
majemuk campuran (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">digitato pinnatus</i>)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Daun majemuk campuran adalah suatu daun
majemuk ganda yang mempunyai cabang-cabang ibu tangkai memencar seperti jari
dan terdapat pada ujung ibu tangkai daun, tetapi pada cabang cabang ibu tangkai
ini terdapat anak-anak daun yang tersusun menyirip. Jadi daun majemuk campuran
adalah campuran susunan yang menjari dan menyirip.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">HASIL
PENGAMATAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tabel hasil pengamatan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 496px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 32.15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.05pt;" width="45"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">No.</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.2pt;" width="207"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Nama
Tumbuhan</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt;" width="243"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tipe daun
majemuk</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.05pt;" width="45"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">1.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.2pt;" width="207"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ceiba petandra </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gaertn.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt;" width="243"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menjari beranak daun tujuh</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 32.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.05pt;" width="45"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">2.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.2pt;" width="207"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Caesalpinia pulcherrima </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sw.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt;" width="243"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menyirip genap ganda dua dengan sempurna</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.05pt;" width="45"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.2pt;" width="207"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mimosa pudica </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">L.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt;" width="243"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Campuran</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.05pt;" width="45"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.2pt;" width="207"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gliricidia maculate </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">L.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt;" width="243"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menyirip gasal</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 32.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.05pt;" width="45"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.2pt;" width="207"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Citrus </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">sp</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt;" width="243"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menyirip beranak daun satu</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.05pt;" width="45"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">6.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.2pt;" width="207"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Erythrine variegate</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt;" width="243"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menyirip beranak daun tiga</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 63.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 63.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.05pt;" width="45"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">7.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 63.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.2pt;" width="207"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Leucaena glauca</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 63.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt;" width="243"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menyirip genap ganda dua dengan sempurna</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.05pt;" width="45"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">8.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.2pt;" width="207"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Solanum lycopersicum</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt;" width="243"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menyirip berselang-seling</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 31.05pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.05pt;" width="45"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">9.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.2pt;" width="207"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tamarindus indica </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">L.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt;" width="243"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menyirip genap</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 32.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.05pt;" width="45"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">10.</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.2pt;" width="207"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Rosa </span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">sp</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 32.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 182.55pt;" width="243"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menyirip gasal</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo10; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Gambar hasil pengamatan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Kapuk (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ceiba petandra </i>Gaertn.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Daun
Kembang merak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Caesalpinia pucherrima</i>
Sw.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RkBd_sYksJk/VRHCuNQ8rxI/AAAAAAAAAYg/4QDktzlRy98/s1600/kJCmrDSy5g.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RkBd_sYksJk/VRHCuNQ8rxI/AAAAAAAAAYg/4QDktzlRy98/s1600/kJCmrDSy5g.jpg" height="203" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">3. Daun Putri
malu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mimosa pudica </i>L.)</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gOQkhIcPxvE/VRHDgRWKhVI/AAAAAAAAAYo/N5spBzmgLxw/s1600/IMG_20150306_212920.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gOQkhIcPxvE/VRHDgRWKhVI/AAAAAAAAAYo/N5spBzmgLxw/s1600/IMG_20150306_212920.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">4. Daun Gamal
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gliricidia maculate </i>L.)</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YbDEmSK2CZA/VRHD5CIuWlI/AAAAAAAAAYw/VEHfkzpoQVA/s1600/IMG_20150306_211336.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YbDEmSK2CZA/VRHD5CIuWlI/AAAAAAAAAYw/VEHfkzpoQVA/s1600/IMG_20150306_211336.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">5. Daun Jeruk
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Citrus </i>sp)</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KmTipLrSP6k/VRHEJXzOt6I/AAAAAAAAAY4/W0jqtiADyGU/s1600/IMG_20150306_211348.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KmTipLrSP6k/VRHEJXzOt6I/AAAAAAAAAY4/W0jqtiADyGU/s1600/IMG_20150306_211348.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
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7. Daun Lamtoro <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Leucaena
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HaXBCJdNkbw/VRHFvge-ypI/AAAAAAAAAZI/bgy71wlRcLk/s1600/daun%2Blamtoro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HaXBCJdNkbw/VRHFvge-ypI/AAAAAAAAAZI/bgy71wlRcLk/s1600/daun%2Blamtoro.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></a></div>
8. Daun <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SuYeq3JGYo4/VRHF8p6ZvmI/AAAAAAAAAZQ/kiX6VuNwpSQ/s1600/IMG_20150306_211342.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SuYeq3JGYo4/VRHF8p6ZvmI/AAAAAAAAAZQ/kiX6VuNwpSQ/s1600/IMG_20150306_211342.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></div>
9. Daun<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Asam (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tamarindus indica</i> L.)</span>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">V.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ANALISIS
DATA</span></b>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 22.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> 1. Daun Kapuk (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ceiba petandra </i>Gaertn.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dilleniidae</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Malvales</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Bombaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Ceiba</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ceiba petandra </i>Gaertn.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(Sumber: Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dari hasil pencanderaan
praktikum kali ini diketahui bahwa daun kapuk termasuk tipe daun majemuk
menjari menurut susunan daun pada tangkainya, karena semua anak daunnya
memencar pada ujung ibu tangkai seperti letak jari-jari pada tangan.
Berdasarkan jumlah anak daunnya, daun kapuk termasuk daun majemuk menjari
beranak daun tujuh, karena jumlah anak daunnya ada tujuh. Letak tangkai anak
daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Petiololus</i>) yang kemudian di
ujungnya ada anak daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">folium</i>)
bergantian dan berkerumun pada ibu tangkai daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">potiolus communis</i>). Jadi bisa dikatakan bentuk daun kapuk adalah
majemuk menjari beranak daun tujuh.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi Tumbuhan (1985:11), berdasarkan jumlah
anak daunnya, daun majemuk menjari dapat dibedakan seperti berikut, beranak
daun tujuh (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">septemfoliolatus</i>), jika
ada tujuh anak daun pada ujung tangkainya, misalnya daun randu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ceiba petandra </i>Gaertn.).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> 2. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Kembang
merak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Caesalpinia pucherrima</i> Sw.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Fabales</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Caesalpiniaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Caesalpinia</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Caesalpinia pucherrima</i> Sw.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(Sumber: Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dari hasil pencanderaan praktikum kali ini diketahui bahwa daun kembang
merak termasuk tipe daun majemuk menyirip genap ganda dua dengan sempurna.
Menyirip karena anak daun tersusun seperti sirip pada kanan kiri ibu tangkainya
menurut susunan daun pada tangkainya. Genap karena jumlah anak daun yang
berpasang-pasangan di kiri kanan ibu tulang. Ganda dua karena anak daun duduk
pada cabang tingkat satu dari ibu tangkai. Dan dengan sempurna karena tidak ada
satu anak daun pun yang duduk pada ibu tangkai. Tangkai anak daunnya berbentuk
bulat padat </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dan sepasang daun pada ujung tangkainya </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">yang </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tidak menutup.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Jadi bisa dikatakan bentuk daun kapuk adalah majemuk
menyirip genap ganda dua dengan sempurna.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 33.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi Tumbuhan
(1985:11), beberapa contoh daun menyirip ganda adalah daun majemuk menyirip
genap ganda dua dengan sempurna, misalnya daun kembang merak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Caesalpinia pulcherrima </i>Sw.) dan daun
lamtoro (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Leucaena glauca </i>Bl.).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut http://anakdesmaupintar.blogspot.com/
(2011) dalam tulisannya yang berjudul <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Daun
Tunggal dan Majemuk, </i>p</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ada daun kembang merak <i>(Caesalpinia
pulcherrima)</i>, ujung daunnya terbelah, tulang daun menyirip, tepi daun rata,
tangkai anak daun berbentuk bulat padat, anak daun terdapat dikiri dan kanan
dari ibu tangkai </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">[d]</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aun,
dan memiliki ibu tangkai daun. Daun kembang merak merupakan daun majemuk
menyirip (pinnatus), yang dimana daun majemuk yang anak daunnya terdapat
dikanan dan dikiri ibu tangkai daun.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> 3. Daun Putri malu
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mimosa pudica </i>L.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Fabales</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Mimosaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Mimosa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mimosa pudica </i>L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(Sumber: Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dari hasil pencanderaan
praktikum kali ini diketahui bahwa tangkai anak daun putri malu berbentuk
menyirip dan anak daunnya berjumlah genap, tidak ada satu anak daun yang duduk
pada ibu tangkai dau. Namun daun putri malu ini tidak digolongkan tipe daun majemuk
menyirip genap ganda dua yang sempurna, melainkan termasuk tipe daun majemuk
campuran, karena mempunyai cabang-cabang ibu tangkai yang memencar seperti jari
dan terdapat pada ujung ibu tangkai daun, namun cabang tersebut terdapat
anak-anak daun yang tersusun menjari, letak kedua pasang cabang ibu tangkainya
sedemikian dekat satu sama lain, seakan-akan terdapat empat cabang tangkai pada
ujung ibu tangkai daunnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi Tumbuhan (1985:11), daun majemuk campuran
adalah campuran susunan yang menjari dan menyirip, misalnya daun sikejut (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mimosa pudica </i>L.).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut
http://anakdesmaupintar.blogspot.com/ (2011) dalam tulisannya yang berjudul <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Daun Tunggal dan Majemuk, </i></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
daun sikejut <i>(Mimosa pudica),</i> ujung daun membulat, tulang daun menyirip,
tepi daun lurus atau rata, pangkal daun bulat telur, tangkai anak daun
berbentuk bulat dilapisi oleh duri, anak daun terdapat dikiri dan kanan dari
ibu tangkai daun, ibu tangkai daun bulat dan berduri.Daun sikejut merupakan
daun menyirip.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> 4. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Gamal (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gliricidia maculate </i>L.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Rosales</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gliricidiacedae</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Gliricidia</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gliricidia maculate </i>L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(Sumber: Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dari hasil pencanderaan
praktikum kali ini diketahui bahwa letak tangkai anak daunnya berselang-seling
satu sama lain, terdapat satu anak daun yang menutup ujung ibu tangkainya. Letak
duduk anak daunnya menyirip, karena anak daunnya terdapat di kiri kanan ibu
tangkai daun. Jadi bisa diketahui bahwa daun gamal merupakan daun majemuk
menyirip gasal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut
http://kumo12miharustories.blogspot.com (2011) dalam tulisannya yang berjudul <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Laporan Praktikum I Morfologi Tumbuhan,</i>
p</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ada daun gamal anak daun yang paling ujung berbentuk
agak melebar dan membesar. Anak-anak daunnya tersusun secara berselang-seling
dengan jumlah yang ganjil dan anak daun tersebut tersusun secara menyirip.
Karena ciri-ciri tersebut maka daun gamal termasuk ke dalam daun mejemuk
menyirip gasal.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> 5. Daun Jeruk (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Citrus </i>sp)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Sapindales</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rutaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Citrus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Citrus </i>sp</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(Sumber: Cronquist . 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun jeruk mengalami persendian (articulation), pada
satu tangkai anak daun terdapat dua anak daun yang biasanya satu lebih besar
diujung dan satu lebih kecil melekat di tangkai anak daun. Tangkai anak daunnya
sejajar dengan ibu tang kai daun. Oleh karena itu helaian daunnya tidak
langsung terdapat pada ibu tangkai daun. Dari pencanderaan diatas diketahui
daun jeruk merupakan daun majemuk menyirip beranak daun satu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi Tumbuhan
(1985:11), daun majemuk menyirip dapat dibedakan dalam beberapa macam salah
satunya daun majemuk menyirip beranak daun satu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">unifoliolatus</i>). Tanpa penyelidikan yang teliti daun ini tentu akan
disebut sebagai daun tunggal, tetapi di sini tangkai daun memperlihatkan suatu
persendian (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">articulatio</i>), jadi
helaian daun tidak langsung terdapat pada ibu tangkai. Sesungguhnya pada daun
ini juga terdapat lebih daripada satu helaian daun, hanya saja yang
lain-lainnya telah tereduksi, sehingga tinggal satu anak daun saja. Daun yang
demikian ini biasanya kita dapati pada berbagai jenis pohon jeruk, a.l. jeruk
besar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Citrus maxima </i>Merr.) , jeruk
nipis (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Citrus aurantifolia </i>Sw.), dll.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 6. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Dadap (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Erythrine variegate</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Rosales</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Leguminosae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Erythrine</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Erythrine variegate</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(Sumber: Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anak daunnya ada tiga, terdapat anak daun di ujung ibu
tangkai daun yang ukurannya lebih besar dari dua lainnya, duduk dua anak
daunnya berpasangan satu sama di ibu tangkai daun, susunan anak daun pada ibu
tangkai daunnya menyirip. Jadi diketahui bahwa daun dadap merupakan daun
majemuk menyirip beranak daun tiga. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Menurut
http://kumo12miharustories.blogspot.com (2011) dalam tulisannya yang berjudul <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Laporan Praktikum I Morfologi Tumbuhan,</i></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
Daun dadap selalu memiliki tiga anak daun, tata letaknya menyirip. Pada bagian
ujung ibu tangkai daun terdapat satu anak daun yang mengalami pembesaran
sehingga ukurannya lebih besar dari anak daun yang lain. Daun dadap termasuk ke
dalam daun majemuk menyirip ganjil.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Perbedaan pencanderaan: menurut saya daun dadao
merupakan daun majemuk menyirip beranak daun tiga. Bukan hanya daun majemuk
menjari yang memiliki susunan beranak daun tiga, namun menyirip pun juga. Untuk
membedakannya harus dilihat dengan teliti dengan seksama, jika semua bertemu
pada satu titik (ujung ib tangkai), berarti menjari, namun pada daun dadap
tidak, terdapat jarak antara anak daun yang terletak di ujung ibu tangkai
dengan dua anak daun lainnya. Oleh karena itu daun dadap itu menjari beranak
daun tiga bukannya menyirip gasal. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 7. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Lamtoro (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Leucaena glauca</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:Plantae <br />
Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta <br />
Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida <br />
Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rosidae <br />
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Fabales <br />
Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Mimosaceae </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Leucaena</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Leucaena glauca</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(Sumber:
Anonim. 2011. http://oryza-sativa135rsh.blogspot.com (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 20 Maret)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Susunan anak daun di ibu tangkai daun lamtoro adalah menyirip, karena
anak daunnya yang berada di kanan kiri ibu tangkai daun. Jumlah anak daunnya
genap. Karena terjadi percabangan dua kali pada ibu tangkai daun yang merupakan
tangkai anak daun makanya disebut genap ganda dua. Letak tangkai anak daunnya
saling berhadap-hadapan satu sama lainnya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut http://kumo12miharustories.blogspot.com (2011)
dalam tulisannya yang berjudul <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Laporan
Praktikum I Morfologi Tumbuhan,</i></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Lamtoro merupakan
jenis daun mejemuk menyirip genap ganda dua dengan sempurna, dikatakan menyirip
karena tata letak anak tangkai daunnya menyirip sedangkan dikatakan ganda dua
karena anak daunnya duduk pada cabang tingkat satu dari ibu tangkai dan
dikatakan genap karena anak daun duduknya berpasangan dengan anak daun yang
lain. Pada sepasang anak daun yang terdapat di ujung tangkai biasanya posisinya
menutup.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 8. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Tomat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Solomum lycopersicum</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Solanales</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Solanaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Solanum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Solonum lycopersicum</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(Sumber: Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anak daunnya berjumlah gasal atau ganjil yaitu tujuh
anak daun, yang satu anak daunnya terdapat di ujung ibu tangkai daun. Susunan
anak daun di ibu tangkai daunnya adalah menyirip. Terdapat anak daun yang lebih
kecil di kanan kiri ibu tangkai daun yang diapit oleh anak-anak daun yang
ukurannya lebih besar pada atas dan bawahnya. Karenanya daun tomat digolongkan
kedapam daun majemuk menyirip beselang-seling.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi
Tumbuhan (1985:11), menyirip berselang-seling (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">interrupte pinnatus</i>), yaitu jika anak daun pada ibu tangkai
berselang-seling pasangan anak daun yang lebar dengan pasangan anak daun yang
sempit, misalnya pada anak daun tomat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Solanum
lycopernnicum </i>L.).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut http://kumo12miharustories.blogspot.com (2011)
dalam tulisannya yang berjudul <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Laporan
Praktikum I Morfologi Tumbuhan,</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">p</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ada daun tomat yang
sudah dewasa daun majemuknya akan sangat jelas terlihat, dan pada daun tomat
anak-anak daunnya terletak berselang-seling, yaitu anak-anak daun pada ibu
tangkai berselang seling pasangan anak daun yang lebar dengan pasangan anak
daun yang sempit. Dan pada daun tomat juga terdapat pembesaran daun pada bagian
ujung ibu tangkai daun.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 9. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Asam (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tamarindus indica</i> L.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi: </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Fabales</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Caesalpinaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Tamarindus</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Tamarindus indica </i>L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(Sumber: Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anak daunnya berjumlah genap, yang pada ujung ibu
tangkai daun tidak terdapat satu anak daun. Susunan anak daun pada ibu tangkai
daun menyirip. Anak daunnya saling berhadap-hadapan atau berpasang-pasangan
satu sama lainnya. Jadi dapat diketahui bahwa daun asam merupakan daun majemuk
menyirip genap.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi
Tumbuhan (1985:11), daun majemuk menyirip genap a.l. terdapat pada pohon asam (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tamarindus indica </i>L.) yang anak daunnya
berpasang-pasangan, jadi jumlah anak daun benar genap.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut http://kumo12miharustories.blogspot.com (2011)
dalam tulisannya yang berjudul <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Laporan
Praktikum I Morfologi Tumbuhan,</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">s</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">truktur pada daun asam
hampir sama dengan daun gamal namun pada daun gamal letak anak daunnya
berselang-seling namun tidak berpasangan sehingga berjumlah ganjil sedangkan
pada daun asam, anak-anak daunnya duduknya berhadap-hadapan, sehingga bejumlah
genap. Pada sepasang anak daun yang terletak pada ujung tangkai letak duduknya
menutup. Karena ciri inilah maka daun asam dapat dikatakan daun majemuk
menyirip genap.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 10. <span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun Mawar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rosa</i>
sp)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 12.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Klasifikasi:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Rosales</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Rosaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Rosa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Species<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rosa </i>sp</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(Sumber: Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun mawar mempunyai anak
daun 5, yang berletak satu di ujung tangkai daun. Susunan anak daun pada ibu
tangkai daunnya adalah menyirip. Posisi duduk tangkai anak daun pada ibu
tangkai daunnya saling berpasang-pasangan satu sama lainnya. Jadi dapat
diketahui bahwa daun mawar termasuk daun majemuk menyirip gasal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut Gembong
Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi Tumbuhan (1985:11), daun majemuk menyirip
gasal (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">imparipinnatus</i>), juga di sini
yang menjadi pedoman ialah ada atau tidaknya satu anak daun yang menutup ujung
ibu tangkainya. Ditinjau dari jumlah anak daunnya akan kita dapati bilangan
yang benar-benar gasal jika anak daun berpasangan, sedang di ujung ibu tangkai
terdapat anak daun yang tersendiri (biasanya anak daun ini lebih besar dari
pada lainnya), seperti dapat dilihat pada daun pacar cina (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aglaia odorata </i>Lour.) dan mawar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rosa </i>sp).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut http://kumo12miharustories.blogspot.com
(2011) dalam tulisannya yang berjudul <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Laporan
Praktikum I Morfologi Tumbuhan,</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">d</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aun mawar memilki
jumlah anak daun yang ganjil, letak duduk anak daunnya menyirip. Pada daun
mawar anak daun yang terletak pada bagian ujung ibu tangkai daun mempunyai
bentuk yang agak membesar dan anak-anak daunnya memiliki tepi yang
bergerigikarena jumlah anak daunnya yang ganjil maka daun mawar dimasukkan ke
dalam daun mejemuk menyirip gasal.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VI.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">KESIMPULAN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Bagian-bagian
daun majemuk ada tiga, yaitu ibu tangkai daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">potiolus communis</i>); tangkai anak daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">petiololus</i>); dan anak daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">folium</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Menurut susunan
anak daun pada ibu tangkai daun, daun majemuk digolongkan menjadi daun majemuk
menyirip, menjari, bangun kaki, dan campuran.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun majemuk
menyirip ada beberapa macam, yaitu menyirip beranak satu; menyirip genap;
menyirip gasal; menyirip dengan anak daun yang berpasang-pasangan; menyirip
berseling; menyirip berselang seling; menyirip ganda dua; menyirip ganda tiga;
menyirip ganda empat; menyirip ganda dengan sempurna; menyirip ganda dengan
tidak sempurna.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Daun majemuk
menjari ada beberapa macam diantaranya, beranak daun dua; beranak daun tiga;
beranak daun lima; beranak daun tujuh.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VII.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Amintarti,Sri.dkk. 2015. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penuntun Praktikum Morfologi Tumbuhan. </i>Banjarmasin: PMIPA FKIP
UNLAM.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> Tjitrosoepomo, Gembong. 1985. Morfologi Tumbuhan.
Yogyakarta:Gajah Mada University Press.</span></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -37.2pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Riza Sativani, dkk</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. 2011. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Perkembangan Bunga Menjadi Buah Lamtoro. </i></span><span lang="IN"><a href="http://oryza-sativa135rsh.blogspot.com/2011/01/perkembangan-bunga-menjadi-buah-lamtoro.html"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">http://oryza-sativa135rsh.blogspot.com</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>).
Diakses 7 Maret 2015.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anonim. 2011. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Daun
Tunggal dan Majemuk. </i>http://anakdesmaupintar.blogspot.com (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 7 Maret 2015.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -37.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Anonim. 2011. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Laporan
Praktikum I Morfologi Tumbuhan. </i>http://kumo12miharustories.blogspot.com (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">online</i>). Diakses 7 Maret 2015.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17925089721096843962noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6985736337740772157.post-56410154483200790252015-03-17T17:41:00.001-07:002015-03-17T17:41:36.170-07:00laporan praktikum I Mor Tum
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">PRAKTIKUM I</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Topik<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun Tunggal dan
Bagian-Bagiannya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tujuan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Mengenal </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">agian-bagian
daun dan ciri</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ciri
daun tunggal</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hari/ tanggal<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabtu, 21 Februari 2015</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tempat<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Laboratorium Biologi FKIP UNLAM
Banjarmasin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.85pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Alat dan Bahan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Baki/nampan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Alat
tulis</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bahan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
Bambu ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bambusa</i> sp )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
Tebu ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saccharum officinarum</i> I. )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
Pisang ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Musa paradisiaca</i> L. )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
Jarak ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ricinus communis</i> L. )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
Widelia ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Widelia</i> sp )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
Keladi ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colocasia</i> sp )</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 50.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
Mangga ( <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mangifera indica</i> L. )</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">CARA
KERJA</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
bagian-bagian daun : tangkai (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">petiolus</i>),
pelepah (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vagina</i>), helaian (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lamma</i>), lidah-lidah (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ligula</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
bangun daun : lanset, bulat telur, bulat telur terbalik, perisai, garis, pita,
dsb.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
ujung daun : runcing, meruncing, tumpul, membulat, rompang/rata, berbelah,
berduri. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
pangkal daun : runcing, meruncing, tumpul, membulat, rompang/rata, berlekuk.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
tepi daun : rata, bergigi, bergerigi, bergerigi ganda, beringgit berombak,
berlekuk, bercangap, berbagi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
daging daun : tipis seperti selaput, tipis lunak seperti kertas, seperti
perkamen, seperti kulit, berdaging. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
pertulangan daun : menyirip, menjari, melengkung, sejajar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
permukaan atas dan bawah daun: gundul, licin (mengkilat, suram, berselaput
lilin), kasap, berkerut,berbingkul-bingkul, berbulu (jarang, halus, dan rapat
kasar).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengamati
warna daun pada permukaan atas dan bawah. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menggambar
hasil pengamatan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 32.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">TEORI DASAR</span></b>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 28.35pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Daun merupakan bagian tumbuhan yang penting
dan umumnya tiap tumbuhan mempunyai sejumlah daun. Alat ini hanya terdapat pada
batang, bagian batang tempat duduknya atau melekatnya daun dinamakan buku-buku
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nodus</i>) batang, dan tempat di atas
daun yang merupakan sudut antara batang dan daun dinamakan ketiak daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">axilla</i>). Daun biasanya tipis melebar.
Kaya akan suatu zat warna hijau daun yang dinamakan klorofil. Daun berfungsi
sebagai alat untuk : </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengambilan zat-zat makanan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">resorbsi</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengolahan zat-zat makanan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">asimilasi</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penguapan air (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">transpirasi</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pernafasan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">respirasi</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 46.35pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagian-bagian
daun </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
lengkap mempunyai 3 bagian, yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Upih daun atau pelepah daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vagina</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tangkai daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">petiolus</i>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Helaian
daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lami</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">n</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bangun/bentuk
daun (Circumcriptio)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Berdasarkan letak bagian daun yang
terlebar maka daun dibedakan empat golongan, yaitu : </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagian yang terlebar kira-kira di
tengah-tengah helaian daun</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tumbuhan yang memiliki daun yang bagian terlebarnya terletak di
tengah-tengah helaian daun kemungkinan bangun daunnya adalah bulat ataupun
bundar (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">orbicularis</i>), bangun perisai
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pelitatus</i>), jorong (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ovalis</i> atau <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ellipticus</i>), memanjang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">oblongus</i>),
dan bangun lanset (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lanceolatus</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagian yang terlebar di bawah
tengah-tengah helaian daun</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Daun-daun yang mempunyai bagian yang terlebar di bawah teng</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">a</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">h-tengah helaian daunnya dibedakan dalam
2 golongan, yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pangkal daunnya tidak bertoreh. Dalam
golongan ini didapati bentuk-bentuk daun seperti : bangun bulat telur (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ovatus</i>), bangun segitiga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">triangularis</i>), bangun delta (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">deltoideus</i>), dan bangun belah ketupat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rhomboideus</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.25in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pangkal daun bertoreh atau berlekuk.
Dalam golongan initermasuk bentuk-bentuk daun seperti : bangun jantung (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cordatus</i>), bangun ginjal atau kerinjal (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">reniformis</i>), ba</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">n</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gun anak panah (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sagittatus</i>), bangun tombak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hastatus</i>),
dan bangun bertelinga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">auriculatus</i>). </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bagian yang terletak di atas
tengah-tengah helaian daun </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 56.7pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun
dengan bagian yang terlebar terletak di tengah-tengah helaian daun kemungkinan
bagun da</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">u</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">nnya
adalah bangun bulat telur sungsang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">abovatus</i>),
bangun jantung sungsang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">obcordatus</i>),
bangun segitiga terbalik atau bangun pasak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cuneatus</i>),
dan bangun sudip atau bangun stapel atau solet (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spathulatus</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada bagian yang terlebar atau dari
pangkal ke ujung dapat dikatakan sama lebarnya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dalam golongan ini termas</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">u</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">k
daun-daun tumbuhan yang biasanya sempit, atau lebarnya jauh berbeda jika
dibandingkan dengan panjang daun. Pada umumnya bentuk daun yang dari pangkal ke
ujung sama lebarnya adalah bangun garis (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">linearis</i>),
bangun pita (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ligulatus</i>), bangun
pedang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ensiformis</i>), bangun paku atau
dabus (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">subulatus</i>), dan bangun jarum (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">acerosus</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ujung daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apex felli</i>) dan pangkal daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Basis
folli</i>)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ujung dan pangkal daun dapat
memperlihatkan bentuk yang beraneka rupa. Ada tujuh bentuk ujung daun yang sering
kita jumpai yaitu runcing (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">acutus</i>),
meruncing (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">acuminatus</i>), tumpul (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">obtusus</i>), membulat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rotundatus</i>), rompang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">truncatus</i>),
terbelah (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">retusus</i>), dan berduri (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mucronatus</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Susunan
tulang daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nervatio</i> atau <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">venation</i>)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tulang-tulang daun adalah bagain daun
yang berfungsi untuk memberi kekuatan pada daun atau sebagai penguat dan jalan
untuk pengangkutan zat-zat. Menurut besar kecilnya tulang-tulang </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aun d</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">i</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bedakan dalam tiga macam, yaitu ibu
tulang daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">costa</i>), tu</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">la</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ng-tulang cabang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nervus latelaris</i>), dan urat-urat daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vena</i>). Berdasarkan arah tulang-tulang cabang yang besar pada
helaian daun, dapat dibedakan beberapa macam susunan tulang daun dnan
berdasarkan susunan tulanngnyadapat dibedakan menjadi empat golongan, yai</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tu
daun-daun bertulang menyirip (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pennanervis</i>),
bertulang menjari (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">palminervis</i>),
bertulang melengkung (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cervinervis</i>),
bertulang sejajar atau lurus (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rectinervis</i>).
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tepi
daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">margo folli</i>)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Secara garis besar tepi daundapat
dibedakan dalam dua macam yaitu : rata (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">integer</i>),
dan bertoreh (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">divisus</i>). Toreh-toreh
pada tepi daun sangat beraneka ragam sifatnya. Biasanya toreh-toreh pada tepi
daun dibedakan dalam tiga golongan, yaitu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tepi daun yang bertoreh merdeka</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tepi daun dengan toreh yang merdeka ba</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">n</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">yak pula ragamnya, namun yang sering
kita jumpai adalah tepi daun yang dinamakan bergerigi (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">serratus</i>), bergerigi ganda/rangkap (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bisservatus</i>), bergigi (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dentatus</i>),
beringgit (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">crenatus</i>) dan berombak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">repandus</i>). </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tepi daun dengan toreh</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">-</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">toreh yang mempengaruhi bentuknya</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Berdasarkan dalamnya toreh-toreh pada tepi daun dapat dibedakan
menjadi tiga macam, yaitu : berlekuk (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lobatus</i>),
bercangap (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">fissus</i>), dan berbagi (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pertitus</i>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daging
daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">intervenium</i>)</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Daging daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">intervenium</i>) adalah bagian daun yang terdapat diantara
tulang-tulang daun dan urat-urat daun. Dibagian ini zat-zat yang diambil dari
luar tubuh di ubah menjadi zat-zat yang se</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">uai dengan keperluan kehidupan tumbuhan.
Tebal tipisnya helaian daun tergantung dari tebal tipisnya daging daunnya. Oleh
karenaitu daging daun dapat bersifat seperti selaput (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">membranceus</i>), seperti kertas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">papyraceus</i>)
atau (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chartaceus</i>), tipis lunak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">herbaccus</i>), seperti perkamen (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">perkamenteus</i>), seperti tulang belulang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cortacius</i>), dan berdaging (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">carnosus</i>). </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">G.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Warna
daun </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Secara umum kita ketahui bahwa daun
berwarna hijau, namun tidak jarang kita jumpai daun yang berwarna tidak hijau.
Selain itu warna hijau pada daun dapat memperlihatkan banyak variasi atau
nuansa, misalnya merah, hijau bercampur atau tertutup warna merah, atau hijau
kekuningan. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">H.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Permukaan
daun </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada
umumnya warna daun pada sisi atas dan bawah jelas berbeda,biasanya sisi atas
nampak lebih hijau, licin atau mengkilat jika dibandingkan dengan sisi bawah
daun. Kadang-kadang pada permukaan daun terdapat alat-alat tambahan berupa
sisik-sisik, rambut-rambut, duri, dll. Oleh karena itu orang membedakan
permukaan daun ada yang licin (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">laevis</i>),
gundul (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">glaber</i>), kasap (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">scaber</i>), berkerut (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rugosus</i>), berbingkul-bingkul (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bullatus</i>),
berbulu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pilosus</i>), berbulu halus atau
rapat (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">villosus</i>), dan bersisik (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lepidus</i>).</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.85pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">HASIL PENGAMATAN</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">A.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel
Pengamatan</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: -51.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid black; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid black; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 701px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 29.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 29.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.35pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">No</span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 29.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Nama</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -5.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tumbuhan</span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 29.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -5.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bangun Daun</span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 29.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ujung Daun</span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 29.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pangkal Daun</span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 29.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tepi Daun</span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 29.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.8pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Daging Daun</span></b></div>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; height: 29.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 108.7pt;" valign="top" width="145">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Permukaan Atas dan Bawah Daun</span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 29.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Warna Daun</span></b></div>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border: none; height: 29.0pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.8pt;" valign="top" width="16">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 29.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: black; mso-border-left-alt: black; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: windowtext; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: windowtext; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Atas</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 29.5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: black; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: windowtext; mso-border-right-alt: black; mso-border-style-alt: solid; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: windowtext; mso-border-width-alt: .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="69">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bawah</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.35pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bambu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bambusa
sp)</i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Garis</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Run-cing</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mem-bulat</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Rata</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.8pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Per-kamen</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Licin</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="69">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbulu
Halus</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hijau</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.8pt;" valign="top" width="16">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.35pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tebu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saccarum
officinarum)</i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pita</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Run-cing</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Rom-pang</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Rata</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.8pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Per-kamen</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbulu
Kasar</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="69">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbulu
Kasar</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hijau</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.8pt;" valign="top" width="16">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.35pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -5.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pisang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Musa
paradisiaca)</i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jorong</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tumpul</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tumpul</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Rata</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.8pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tipis
Seperti</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kertas</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Licin
Suram</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="69">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berse-laput lilin</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hijau</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.8pt;" valign="top" width="16">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 110.2pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 110.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.35pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jarak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ricinus communis)</i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perisai</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Merun-cing</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mem-bulat</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ber</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ca-ngkap Menjari</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.8pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipis lunak</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Licin</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Suram</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="69">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Licin
Suram</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 110.2pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hijau</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tua (atas) Kemer-ahan (bawah)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 110.2pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.8pt;" valign="top" width="16">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 82.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 82.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.35pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 82.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Widelia (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Widelia
sp)</i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 82.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bulat
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 82.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Run-cing</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 82.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Merun-cing</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 82.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berge-rigi</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 82.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.8pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipis lunak</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 82.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbulu
Halus dan rapat</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 82.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="69">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kasap</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 82.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hijau</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 82.75pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.8pt;" valign="top" width="16">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 50.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 50.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.35pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 50.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keladi (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Colocasia
sp)</i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 50.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perisai</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 50.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tumpul</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 50.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berlekuk</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 50.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rata</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 50.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.8pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipis lunak</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 50.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Licin</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 50.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="69">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Licin</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 50.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hijau</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 50.8pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.8pt;" valign="top" width="16">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 28.35pt;" valign="top" width="38">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;" valign="top" width="85">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -5.4pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mangga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mangifera
indica)</i></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mema-njang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.65pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Merun-cing</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tumpul</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;" valign="top" width="66">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rata</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 50.8pt;" valign="top" width="68">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Seperti</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kulit belu-lang</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Licin </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mengkil-at</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 52.0pt;" valign="top" width="69">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kasap</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 56.7pt;" valign="top" width="76">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hijau tua</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 11.8pt;" valign="top" width="16">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VI.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ANALISIS
DATA</span></b>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun bambu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi daun bambu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kingdom <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Divisio<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnolophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Classis <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Liliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sub classis<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Commelinidae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Cyperales</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Familia<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Poaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Bambusa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Species <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bambusa</i>
sp</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daun bambu
(</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bambusa</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
sp</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) merupakan daun tunggal yang
lengkap karena memiliki helaian daun (lamina), tangkai daun (petioles) dan
pelepah daun (vagina). Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi
Tumbuhan (1985:11), daun lengkap dapat kita jumpai pada beberapa macam tumbuhan
misalnya: pohon pisang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Musa paradisiacal
</i>L.) pohon pinang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Areca catechu </i>L.)
bambu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bambusa</i> sp.). Bangun daun
bambu berbentuk garis, karena pada penampang melintangnya pipih dan daun <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>panjang. Ujung daunnya runcing, Pangkal
daunnya membulat dan bertepi rata. Daging daun bambu perkamen dengan
pertulangan sejajar. Pada permukaan daun bagian atas apabila diraba terasa
licin namun pada bagian bawahnya<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>terdapat bulu-bulu halus. Daun bambu memiliki warna hijau.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun tebu</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi daun tebu :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kingdom <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Divisio <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Classis <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Liliopsida</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ordo <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Poales </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Familia <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Poaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Saccharum</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saccharum
officinarum</i> L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Daun tebu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saccharum officinarum</i> L.) termasuk daun tunggal yang tidak lengkap,
karena tidak memiliki tangkai daun (petiolus). Daun ini memiliki bangun daun
Pita yang serupa dengan bangun garis tetapi lebih panjang lagi dengan sistem
pertulangan yang sejajar. Pertulangan daun yang dimiliki tebu adalah sejajar,
seperti dijelaskan dalam buku Gembong Tjitrosoepomo berjudul Morfologi Tumbuhan
(1985:40), daun-daun yang bertulang sejajar atau bertulang lurus (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rectinervis</i>), biasanya terdapat pada
daun-daun bangun garis atau bangun pita, yang mempunyai satu tulang di tengah
yang besar dan membujur daun, sedang tulang-tulang lainnya jelas lebih kecil
dan nampaknya semua mempunyai arah yang sejajar dengan ibu tulangnya tadi, oleh
sebab itu disebut pula bertulang sejajar. Pangkal daunnya rompang dan ujung
daunnya runcing. Daun yang biasanya berwarna hijau ini memiliki daging daun
perkamen. Tepi daunnya rata namun pada permukaan dan bagian bawahnya terdapat
bulu-bulu kasar.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun pisang </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi daun pisang
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kingdom <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Divisio <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Classis <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Liliopsida</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ordo <span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Zigeberales </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Familia <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Musaceae</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genus <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Musa</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Musa
paradisiaca</i> L.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
(Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daun
pisang (</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Musa paradisiaca</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
L.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) merupakan daun tunggal yang
lengkap karena memiliki bagian-bagian daun lengkap berupa pelepah daun
(vagina), tangkai daun (petiolus) dan helaian daun (lamina). Daun pisang
berwarna hijau ini mempunyai bangun daun jorong, ujung daunnya yang tumpul, pangkal
daun yang juga tumpul, tepi daun yang rata, daging daun yang tipis seperti
kertas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">papyraceus </i>atau <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chartaceus</i>). Pada permukaannya licin
suram dan bagian bawahnya berselaput lilin. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut
Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi tumbuhan (1985:47), tebal atau
tipisnya helaian daun, pada hakikatnya juga bergantung pada tebal tipisnya
daging daun, bertalian dengan sifat ini dibedakan daun yang salah satunya
seperti kertas (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">papyraceus </i>atau <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chartaceus</i>), tipis tetapi cukup tegar,
misalnya daun pisang (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Musa paradisiacal </i>L.).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Daun
Jarak</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi daun</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> jarak : </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Subkingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Tracheobionta <br />
Super Divisi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Spermatophyta <br />
Divisi<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta <br />
Kelas<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida <br />
Sub Kelas<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rosidae<br />
Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: Euphorbiales<br />
Famili<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: </span><a href="http://www.plantamor.com/index.php?plantsearch=Euphorbiaceae"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Euphorbiaceae</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: </span><a href="http://www.plantamor.com/index.php?plantsearch=Ricinus"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ricinus</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: <i>Ricinus
communis</i> L.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daun jarak (</span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ricinus communis</span></i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> L.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) merupakan daun tunggal yang
tergolong daun tidak lengkap, karena pada bagian daunnya hanya memiliki tangkai
daun (petiolus) dan helaian daun (lamila), namun tidak terdapat pelepah/upih
daun (vagina). Bangun daun ini perisai (peltatus) dengan ujung daun yang
meruncing, pangkal daun yang membulat. Tepi daun jarak bercangap menjari.
Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi Tumbuhan (1985:44),
bercangap menjari (palmatifidus), jika tepinya bercangap sedang susunan
tulangnya menjari, misalnya daun jarak (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ricinus
communis </i>L.)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daging
daun jarak tergolong tipis lunak (herbaceus), permukaan atas yang licin suram
dan bagian bawah juga licin suram, serta berwarna hijau tua pada permukaan atas
dan warna kemerah-merahan pada bagian bawah.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 158.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 158.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 158.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 35.45pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 158.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daun widelia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 39.3pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi daun</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> widelia : </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Plantae</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Super Divisi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Spermatophyta</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Divisi<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliophyta</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Kelas<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Magnoliopsida</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Sub Kelas<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Asteridae</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
Asterales</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Famili<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://www.plantamor.com/index.php?plantsearch=Asteraceae"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Asteraceae</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">SubFamili<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroideae"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Asteroideae</span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />
</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.plantamor.com/index.php?plantsearch=Wedelia"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Widelia</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><i>Widelia
</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sp</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 40.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)<span class="apple-style-span"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daun
widelia (</span><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Widelia </span></i></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sp</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) mempunyai bangun daun bulat, ujung
daun yang runcing dengan pangkal daun yang meruncing. Pada daun widelia
memiliki tepi daun yang bergerigi, dengan daging daun yang tipis lunak.
Permukaan daunnya berbulu halus dan rapat dan kasap pada bagian bawahnya. Daun
widelia yang berwarna hijau ini dikatakan tidak lengkap karena dia hanya
memiliki bagian-bagian daun terkecuali upih daun atau pelepah daun (vagina),
daun widelia memiliki tangkai daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">petiolus</i>)
dan helaian daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lamila</i>).</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Daun
keladi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi daun</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">keladi : </span></span></div>
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<span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Subkingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Tracheobionta </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Super Divisi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Spermatophyta </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Divisi<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Kelas<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Liliopsida </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Sub Kelas<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Arecidae</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Arales</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Famili<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://www.plantamor.com/index.php?plantsearch=Araceae"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Araceae</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://www.plantamor.com/index.php?plantsearch=Colocasia"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Colocasia</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><i>Colocasia
</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sp</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>: (Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Daun
keladi (</span><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Colocasia </span></i></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">sp</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">) disebut sebagai daun lengkap
karena daun keladi memiliki tiga bagian daun yakni helaian daun <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(Lamina)</i>, tangkai daun <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(Petiolus)</i>, dan upih/pelapah daun <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">(Vagina)</i>. Helaian daun keladi sendiri
memiliki bangun daun perisai (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">peltatus</i>),
ujung daunnya yang tumpul, dengan pangkal daun yang berlekuk. Tepi daunnya yang
rata, daging daunnya yang tipis lunak, permukaan atas daun licin dan bawah juga
licin, serta warna daun yang hijau.</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Daun
mangga</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Klasifikasi daun</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> mangga : </span></div>
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<span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:
Plantae </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Subkingdom<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Tracheobionta </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Super Divisi<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Spermatophyta </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Divisi<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliophyta </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Kelas<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Magnoliopsida </span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Sub Kelas<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Rosidae</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Ordo<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: Sapindales</span><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Famili<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://www.plantamor.com/index.php?plantsearch=Anacardiaceae"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Anacardiaceae</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Genus<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://www.plantamor.com/index.php?plantsearch=Mangifera"><span lang="IN" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Mangifera</span></a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br />
<span class="apple-style-span">Spesies<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>:</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span"><i>Mangifera
indica</i></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">L.</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sumber<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
(Cronquist. 1981)</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Daun mangga (<span class="apple-style-span"><i>Mangifera
indica</i></span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">L.) </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">mempunyai bangun daun memanjang (oblongus), dengan ujung
daun yang meruncing, pangkal daun yang tumpul, tepi daun yang rata, daging daun
kulit/belulang, permukaan atas licin mengkilat dan bawah daun yang kasap, dan
berwarna hijau tua. Daun ini bertulang menyirip dan tergolong dalam daun yang
tidak lengkap karena tidak memiliki pelepah/upih daun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vagina</i>). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut Gembong Tjitrosoepomo dalam bukunya Morfologi
Tumbuhan (1985:11), mengenai susunan tulang daun yang tidak lengkap ada
beberapa kemungkinan salah satunya hanya terdiri atas tangkai dan helaian saja:
lazimnya lalu disebut daun bertangkai. Susunan daun yang demikian itulah yang
paling banyak kita temukan. Sebagian besar tumbuhan mempunyai daun yang
demikian tadi, misalnya: nangka (Artocarpus integra Merr.) mangga (Mangifera
indeca L.).</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">V.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">KESIMPULAN</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun bambu </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">merupakan daun lengkap karena memiliki
upih, tangkai dan helaian</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. D</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">aun</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> bambu</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> berciri : </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bangun
garis, ujung runcing, pangkal membulat, tepi daun rata, daging </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">perkamen</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">p</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ermukaan
atas licin </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dan</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> permukaan bawahnya berbulu halus serta warna daun hijau.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun tebu </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">merupakan daun tidak lengkap karena hanya
memiliki</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">helaian dan pelepah,</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Daun tebu </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">berciri : </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bangun </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">pita</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ujung runcing,
pangkal </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">rompa<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>ng/rata</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, tepi daun rata,
daging daun perkamen, </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">p</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ermukaan atas </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">licin </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">berbulu kasar</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> <span lang="IN">dan</span></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> permukan bawahnya berbulu kasar serta warna daun hijau</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun pisang </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">merupakan daun lengkap karena memiliki
upih, tangkai dan helaian daun yang berciri :</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
bangun jorong, ujung daun tumpul, pangkal daun tumpul, tepi daun rata, daging tipis
seperti kertas, </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">p</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ermukaan atas licin suram dan permukaan bawah licin berselaput
lilin, serta daun yang berwarna hijau</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">,</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun jarak </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">merupakan daun tidak lengkap karena tidak
memiliki pelepah, berciri : </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bangun perisai, ujung </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">me</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">runcing,
pangkal </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">membulat</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, tepi bercangap menjari, daging daun </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tipis lunak</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">p</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ermukaan
atas dan permukaan bawah </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">licin</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> suram</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">serta
warna daun hijau tua pada permukaan atas dan kemerahan pada permukaan bawah.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun widelia </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">merupakan daun tidak lengkap karena tidak
memiliki pelepah, berciri :</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> bangun bulat, ujung </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">daun runcing,</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
pangkal </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">daun </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">meruncing, tepi daun bergerigi, daging daun </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tipis lunak</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">p</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ermukaan
atas berbulu halus dan rapat</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dan permukaan </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">bawah daun</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang
kasap, serta warna daun widelia warna hijau.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun keladi </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">merupakan daun lengkap karena memiliki
upih, tangkai dan helaian daun yang berciri :</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
bangun perisai, ujung tumpul, pangkal berlekuk, tepi daun rata, daging daun </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tipis lunak</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, warna
hijau</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, p</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ermukaan </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">atas dan </span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bawahnya licin.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Daun mangga </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">merupakan daun tidak lengkap karena tidak
memiliki pelepah, berciri :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> bangun memanjang, ujung meruncing,
pangkal tumpul, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">tepi daun </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">rata</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">daging </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">daun </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">seperti kulit/</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> belulang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, warna hijau</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> tua,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dengan permukaan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> atas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> licin mengkilat </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">dan bawahnya </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kasap</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">.</span><span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">VI.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA</span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Amintarti, Sri</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">,dkk </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>201</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">5</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penuntun Praktikum Morfolgi
Tumbuhan.</i> Banjarmasin: Jurusan PMIPA FKIP UNLAM</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tjitrosoepomo, Gembong. 1985. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Morfologi Tumbuhan</i>. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.</span></div>
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